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Public Speaking 101 > COM-105 Final > Flashcards

COM-105 Final Flashcards

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1
Q

Situation

A

The time and place in which the speech communication occurs.

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2
Q

Feedback

A

Messages sent back to the speaker from the audience. Facial Expression, body language

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3
Q

Connotative Meaning

A

What a word suggest or implies. Figurative, subjective, variable. SCHOOL= Childhood friends, boring homework

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4
Q

Abstract Words

A

Refer to general concepts

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5
Q

Frame of Reference

A

Everything a speaker says is filtered through the listeners “frame of reference.” (knowledge, experience, values, attitudes)

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6
Q

Speaker

A

The person delivering the speech.

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7
Q

Internal Summary

A

Remind the listener of what they have just heard.

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8
Q

Delivery Cues

A

Directions for giving the speech in the speaking outline.

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9
Q

Vocal Variety

A

Changes in rate, pitch, and volume, that will give your voice interest and expressiveness.

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10
Q

Red Herring

A

Introduces irrelevant issue to divert attention from the subject under discussion

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11
Q

Post Hoc

A

False Cause Fallacy. The fact that one event occurred before another does not mean the second was caused by the first.

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12
Q

False Analogy

A

Two cases being compared are not essentially alike.

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13
Q

Slippery Slope

A

Logical fallacy of assuming that just because one step is taken, it will inevitably lead to the second step, and so on down the slope unto disaster.

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14
Q

5 Steps of Monroe’s Motivated Sequence

A

Attention, Need, Satisfaction, Visualization, Action

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15
Q

4 Functions of an Introduction

A

Hook, introduce the topic of the speech, establish credibility, preview the speech.

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16
Q

Argument by Analogy

A

Compare two similar cases, inferring that what is true of one case is true for the other.

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17
Q

Argument by Induction

A

Conclusions follow from premises with probability OR Reasoning from particular facts to general conclusion

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18
Q

Speaking Outline

A

Outline to help you remember what you want to say.

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19
Q

Target Audience

A

The particular part of the whole audience you wish to reach with your speech.

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20
Q

Audience Analysis Factors i.e. Age, Knowledge about the topic, Gender, Size of the Audience, and Disposition

A

Age, Religion, Racial/Ethnic?cultural Background, Gender/Sexual Orientation, Group Membership

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21
Q

Policy Claim or Question of Policy

A

Deal with specific courses of action. What SHOULD or SHOULD NOT be done.

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22
Q

Message

A

Whatever the speaker communicates to someone else.

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23
Q

Appeal To Tradition

A

Logical fallacy that claims something is superior simply because it is older.

24
Q

False Dilemma

A

Or Either-Or fallacy. Forces choice between two alternatives when more than two exists.

25
Q

2 Main Function of the Conclusion.

A

1) Signal the end of the speech. 2) Reinforce the central idea.

26
Q

Ethos

A

Source or speaker credibility.

27
Q

Pathos

A

Emotional appeals

28
Q

Manuscript Delivery

A

Delivering A speech from a manuscript by reading it.

29
Q

Extemporaneous Delivery

A

Delivering a carefully planned and rehearsed speech, yet not reciting or reading, rather, an off the cuff but planned delivery.

30
Q

Hasty Generalization

A

Logical fallacy that occurs when one jumps to a conclusion based on the basis of too few cases or atypical cases. Common fallacy when reasoning from specific instances.

31
Q

Argument by Cause - OR Causal Reasoning

A

Establishing a relationship between cause and effect. (Because the ice was there, I fell and broke my arm).

32
Q

Hypothetical Example

A

An example that describes an imaginary situation.

33
Q

Fact and Value Claims OR Questions of Fact and Questions of Value

A

Fact claims have to do with answers that are either right or wrong. Numbers, stats, right or wrong
––Value Claims have to do with moral, ethical, subjective, opinions. Intuitions, good or evil.––– Questions of Fact relate to what did or happen or how something happened–– Questions of Value relate to what should have happened or why something ought or ought not happen

34
Q

Ad Homenim OR Against The Man

A

The fallacy of attacking the person rather than dealing with the issue.

35
Q

Ethnocentrism

A

The belief that your own culture is superior to other cultures.

36
Q

Bandwagon

A

Logical fallacy of appealing to the fact that a lot of people agree about something therefore it is correct

37
Q

Fallacy (Overall Definition)

A

An error in reasoning.

38
Q

Action Stage of Monroe’s

A

Once the audience is convinced that you policy is beneficial, say exactly what you want the audience to do and how to do it. Conclude with final stirring appeal that reinforces their commitment to act.

39
Q

Guidelines of Ethical Public Speakers

A
  • Goals are ethically sound

  • Be fully prepared for each speech

  • Be honest in what you say

  • Avoid abusive language such as name calling

  • Put ethical principles into practice (not lip service. Being ethical means
 behaving ethically all the time, not just when convenient.
40
Q

Guidelines of Ethical Listeners

A
  • Be courteous and attentive
  • Avoid prejudging the speaker

  • Maintain the free and open expression of ideas
41
Q

Patchwork Plagiarism

A

When a speaker pilfers from two or three sources.

42
Q

Empathic Listening

A

Listening to provide emotional support for the speaker. As a psychiatrist and patient

43
Q

Critical Listening

A

Listening to evaluate a message for purposes of acceptance or rejecting it. As when we listen to the sales pitch of a car salesman.

44
Q

Topical Organization OR Topical Order

A

When you divide speech topics into subtopics, each one becomes a main point of the speech.

45
Q

Chronological Organization OR Chronological Order

A

A speech organization that follows a time pattern. Events are narrated in the order that they happened.

46
Q

Authorship, Sponsorship, Recency

A
  • Authorship - Who is the author of source? Qualifications? Trustworthy?
- Sponsorship - Rather than authors, source published by organization.
- Recency - Speaks to the date of the study or information.
47
Q

Cognitive Modification

A

** Nervousness is normal-Think positively-Use the power of visualization-Know that most nervousness isn’t visible- Don’t expect perfection- Positive Nervousness

48
Q

Speech to Actuate

A

Persuasive speech designed to change audience mind on in issue OR call them to action.

49
Q

Communication Competence

A

**The ability to choose a communication strategy that is appropriate and effective in a given situation or context. (And Listening: Empathetic, critical)

50
Q

Spatial Organization OF Spatial Order

A

Follows directional pattern: Top to Bottom, East to West.

51
Q

Appreciative Listening

A

Listening for enjoyment: Music, Comedy

52
Q

Expert Testimony

A

Testimonies from people who are acknowledged experts in the field.

53
Q

Specific Purpose Statement

A

Focus on one aspect of topic / Single infinitive phrase: “to inform my audience about…”

54
Q

Central Idea Statement

A

Concise statement of what you expect to say: “preview of speech of sorts”

55
Q

3 Steps of a Basic Argument

A

**Claim-Evidence-Analysis

Premise-Inference-Conclusion 

Statement-Premise-Conclusion

Public Speaking 101 (1 decks)

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