COM 100 Final

Question 1

People working together in a work environment (sometimes reflectively and consciously, sometimes not) to create common understandings between coworkers is an example of ____________________________.

Answer 1

Communication being inherently collaborative.

Question 2

What is the reader’s responsibility to the author and the teacher as expressed in the book?

Answer 2

Agree to do the readings and think about the ideas expressed in the book.

Question 3

______________ is the collaborative construction and negotiation of meaning between the self and others as it occurs within cultural contexts.

Answer 3

Communication

Question 4

______________ mean that when we act, we do so in a way that not only makes us happy but also enriches our lives and the lives of others.

Answer 4

Informed choices

Question 5

The responsibility to not just represent or understand something but to interrogate it is what separates ________________ and ________________.

Answer 5

Critical theory; traditional theory

Question 6

________________ means that we question and challenge what we experience, never taking it for granted.

Answer 6

Critical Perspective

Question 7

Reflecting carefully about the communication you witness and asking questions about how it came to be the way that it is, whom it benefits, and whom it harms however inadvertently is an example of ____________.

Answer 7

Critical engagement

Question 8

________________ shapes not only our own lives but also our understandings of communication and our interactions.

Answer 8

Critical Paradigm

Question 9

T/F: We learn as we communicate, not before we speak or write.

Answer 9

True

Question 10

T/F: Communication is simply a conduit, channel, and tool for transferring information.

Answer 10

False

Question 11

T/F: To have a critical perspective means to be “critical” or in other words: harsh.

Answer 11

False

Question 12

T/F: There are many different models of writing or speaking as a process, but the most basic and common is idiosyncratic.

Answer 12

True

Question 13

T/F: Communication helps create us and what we think of as our realities; such as our social relationships, our sense of right and wrong, our belief that we can or cannot effect change in the world, and so forth.

Answer 13

True

Question 14

T/F: Communication as representation means that communication is abstract or separate from our lives and the world around us.

Answer 14

True

Question 15

What is Logos?

Answer 15

To reveal logical reason.

Question 16

What is Pathos?

Answer 16

To appeal to listeners’ emotions.

Question 17

Culture is now a central consideration or question within _______________________.

Answer 17

Nearly every major area of communication research.

Question 18

Engaging in Pathos, Ethos, and Logos not only helps us become better, more persuasive speakers, but it also helps:

Answer 18

Discern when someone is attempting to persuade us so we’re not easily misled by people who would do us harm.

Question 19

____________________ is communication between two or more people who are interdependent.

Answer 19

Interpersonal communication

Question 20

“History has shown time and again that absolute power corrupts absolutely.” This persuasive appeal is an example of ____________.

Answer 20

Logos

Question 21

In a commercial for toothpaste, an actor puts on a white lab coat and talks about how that particular toothpaste is good for teeth. By putting on a white lab coat, an actor looks like a doctor, and thus gains credibility as people consider a doctor’s remarks to be more credible than an actor’s. This persuasive appeal is an example of ____________.

Answer 21

Ethos

Question 22

What is Ethos?

Answer 22

To establish the speaker’s credibility with listeners.

Question 23

T/F: These new places of inquiry are, at least in part, a result of the critical/cultural turn in communication.

Answer 23

True

Question 24

T/F: Having an ‘objective truth’ doesn’t mean you don’t have meaningful information or insights.

Answer 24

True

Question 25

T/F: It is not very important for writers to develop a heightened awareness of audience in order to develop strong, powerful, effective writing.

Answer 25

False

Question 26

T/F: New areas like gender communication have emerged to examine gender and sexuality in more critical ways, asking how sexism or homophobia is perpetuated in public communication, such as in the mass media or in political speeches.

Answer 26

True

Question 27

T/F: History is a story we tell in the present about the past; it is less about capturing what actually happened and more about finding the meaning behind those events.

Answer 27

True

Question 28

T/F: Communication studies begins with the ancient Greeks.

Answer 28

True

Question 29

T/F: To have a critical perspective means to be “critical” or in other words: harsh.

Answer 29

False

Question 30

T/F: Having an ‘objective truth’ doesn’t mean you don’t have meaningful information or insights.

Answer 30

True

Question 31

______________ is a type of insight that helps each of us understand how we participate, consciously and unconsciously, in social systems that both help and harm us.

Answer 31

Reflexivity ## Footnote Reflexivity involves critical self-reflection on one's role within social structures.

Question 32

______________ is a type of reflection and action on the world in order to transform it.

Answer 32

Praxis ## Footnote Praxis emphasizes the connection between theory and practice.

Question 33

It is through careful, conscientious reflection on our lives—on our privileges and struggles, and on the privileges and struggles of the people we love and respect and fear and find unfathomable—that we can ____________.

Answer 33

Begin to identify ways to take action and effect change.

Question 34

The idea of ____________ serves as a reminder that even our most basic communication is action in the world.

Answer 34

Praxis

Question 35

What is public advocacy?

Answer 35

To reflect upon and take action against the injustices we encounter and seek a better world for our communities and our families.

Question 36

What is Social significance about?

Answer 36

Meeting people where they are and responding to real problems that matter personally.

Question 37

The ____________ approach to teaching and learning helps us develop our sense of agency—the sense that we can, in fact, change our lives, our communities, and our worlds.

Answer 37

Problem-posing ## Footnote This approach encourages critical thinking and active participation.

Question 38

______________ is a Brazilian educator and profound innovator in literacy instruction. His philosophy was if one can read the word then one can read the world.

Answer 38

Paulo Freire

Question 39

The process of granting some group with more power and privilege the ability to shape our worldviews, attitudes, beliefs, expectations, and actions is called ______________.

Answer 39

Hegemony ## Footnote Hegemony refers to the dominance of one group over others through cultural means.

Question 40

T/F: When you address your audience to persuade them, you need to craft your argument in ways that position your audience members as potential allies who might join you in making a difference.

Answer 40

True

Question 41

T/F: Social theorist Antonio Gramsci (1971) described hegemony as domination by consent.

Answer 41

True

Question 42

T/F: The concept of Critical Inquiry attempts to reveal how people or groups who are oppressed, or who have less power, participate in that process, even when it’s harmful to them; however, this process of participation is complex.

Answer 42

True

Question 43

T/F: The best critical thinker can tear something apart, and tell the person they're critiquing to improve.

Answer 43

False

Question 44

T/F: The challenge of listening is further complicated by trying to remember that the person speaking is a complex human being with reasons—however intelligent or ill-conceived, in our opinion—that are informed by their past and present experiences.

Answer 44

True

Question 45

T/F: Unearned privilege is a difficult concept for many of us because it makes us feel uncomfortable.

Answer 45

True

Question 46

Modes of listening help to clarify the notion of listening as a stance by pointing to the ways our relationship as listeners is always shaped by ____________.

Answer 46

Contexts of the listening situation.

Question 47

______________ meaning that the structure—the given conditions of existence, the structure of determinations in any situation—can also be understood from another point of view, as simply the result of previous practices.

Answer 47

Double articulation ## Footnote This concept highlights the interplay between structure and agency.

Question 48

We might begin to develop a more complex and inclusive understanding of listening if we think of listening as a ____________.

Answer 48

Stance

Question 49

What happens when we listen to learn?

Answer 49

We can begin to enact change in the world and in our relationships with others.

Question 50

Our stance as listeners is always shaped ________________________.

Answer 50

By our individual position as listeners.

Question 51

What are Dwight Conquergood’s four ethical pitfalls?

Answer 51

The Custodian’s Rip-Off, The Enthusiast’s Infatuation, The Curator’s Exhibitionism, The Skeptic’s Cop-Out.

Question 52

What is the goal that informs our stance of compassionate critical listening?

Answer 52

To listen to others as if we might learn something.

Question 53

The idea of modes of listening can help us consider ______________________.

Answer 53

The ways context, personal experience, and cultural expectations might shape the way we engage as listeners.

Question 54

__________________ functions to expand listening to include more than just a way of hearing and includes all the ways we might approach or encounter others in communication.

Answer 54

Framing listening

Question 55

T/F: Contexts shape expectations of what is considered socially or culturally appropriate modes of listening.

Answer 55

True

Question 56

T/F: Modes of listening are simply strategies we develop and deploy on our own.

Answer 56

False

Question 57

T/F: Listening to learn from others requires an awareness of your position in the world.

Answer 57

True

Question 58

T/F: Recognizing the ways we listen and engage with others can be challenging because the practice of listening can be so easily taken for granted.

Answer 58

True

Question 59

T/F: The concept of “dialogic listening” is a way of thinking about our sensory experiences are, in part, shaped by our individual practices.

Answer 59

True

Question 60

T/F: Listening stance is informed by context and our individual practices.

Answer 60

True

Question 61

A ______________ is the spoken and/or written representation of something or someone, such as the word 'cat.'

Answer 61

Signifier

Question 62

Working together, the ____________ (the spoken or written representation) and the ____________ (the connotative or associative meanings of the term) become the _______________.

Answer 62

Signifier; signified; sign

Question 63

A claim about the relationship between language and reality that many communication scholars find compelling is called ___________________.

Answer 63

Sapir-Whorf hypothesis

Question 64

________________________ are words that describe or identify a state of affairs.

Answer 64

Constatives

Question 65

What are semiotics?

Answer 65

The structure of language, asking how we could understand language via the use of symbols and their connected referents.

Question 66

An official enacts the marriage of two people by stating, 'I now pronounce you (x) and (x).' This example illustrates how _________________ work.

Answer 66

Performatives

Question 67

To make a word ________________ represents the meanings we associate with that word.

Answer 67

Signified

Question 68

The ___________________________ explores how people use language rather than only (or primarily) studying the structure of language.

Answer 68

Speech act theory

Question 69

_________________ is the understanding of language as arbitrary, ambiguous, and abstract.

Answer 69

Semiotic perspective

Question 70

T/F: Our news media routinely shows us examples of important, powerful people making language choices that positively affect others and that sometimes draw significant public admiration.

Answer 70

False

Question 71

T/F: Our language has effects that extend beyond our intentions, effects that have good and bad consequences not only for ourselves.

Answer 71

True

Question 72

T/F: Semiotics do not address how power affects how we make meaning.

Answer 72

True

Question 73

T/F: Sexist, racist, homophobic, or otherwise harmful language has consequences for you and for the people who hear you speak it.

Answer 73

True

Question 74

T/F: You can, but do not need to engage in audience analysis or inherently consider who your message affects and how.

Answer 74

False

Question 75

T/F: Words build, sustain, and challenge power and privilege.

Answer 75

True

Question 76

What is Haptics?

Answer 76

The study of the significance of touch.

Question 77

Another area of nonverbal communication includes how people use ____________ to express themselves.

Answer 77

Artifacts

Question 78

___________________ does not occur through words, such as vocal inflections, gestures, and even use of space.

Answer 78

Nonverbal communication

Question 79

What is Chronemics?

Answer 79

The study of how time functions as part of communication.

Question 80

________________ is how we come to know and learn within our flesh—our neurons, muscles, bones, and other tissues.

Answer 80

Body epistemology

Question 81

The body is in training; we are becoming who we are through our bodies’ experiences. Our bodies are __________________________; that is, we come to know through our bodies.

Answer 81

Epistemic

Question 82

______________________ is how others 'read' our bodies and our actions in order to determine who we are.

Answer 82

Body-identity connection

Question 83

What is Epistemology?

Answer 83

The study of knowing, or how we know what we know.

Question 84

What is Proxemics?

Answer 84

The study of how people use space to communicate, including their relative (dis)comfort with intrusions into their personal space.

Question 85

T/F: The body (both our own and our experience of others' bodies) is fundamental to our learning about solely ourselves.

Answer 85

False

Question 86

T/F: The United States is the only country that has a linear understanding of time.

Answer 86

False

Question 87

T/F: Classroom desks play an important role in training us to forget about our bodies.

Answer 87

True

Question 88

T/F: How you use artifacts like clothing and makeup can communicate more than individual style—you also shape perceptions and create meaning.

Answer 88

True

Question 89

T/F: Even if we say one thing, our bodies may say otherwise.

Answer 89

True

Question 90

T/F: Truth is partial and incomplete, privileging some people and perspectives and not others.

Answer 90

True

Question 91

What are rituals?

Answer 91

Repeated patterns of human action that function to shape and define our identities.

Question 92

Like identity, __________ is always a product of who we are in the moment and the conditions we find ourselves within; it grows and adapts too.

Answer 92

Perception

Question 93

What is agency?

Answer 93

The conscious ability to reproduce or resist social systems.

Question 94

What is symbolic interactionism?

Answer 94

Theorizes that the self is a product of the messages that it has encountered over past interactions.

Question 95

Who we are is the result of _______________.

Answer 95

Repeated actions.

Question 96

T/F: Performance theories of identity help us understand the way communication messages (our own and others’) constitute identity.

Answer 96

True

Question 97

T/F: "Identity" simply refers to who someone is, in the sense that your identification is your driver’s license, social security, student ID card, etc.

Answer 97

False

Question 98

T/F: If we were static and unchanging, we would not repeat the same mistakes.

Answer 98

False

Question 99

T/F: Our positionalities only shape our identities, not our perceptions.

Answer 99

False

Question 100

T/F: Positionalities are where we stand in relation to various categories or elements of difference—those markers that make us different from each other, whether race, economic background, or ability.

Answer 100

True

Question 101

When we communicate and build bridges, we create ______________.

Answer 101

Culture

Question 102

____________ is the interaction or exchange that occurs between people who are in an interdependent relationship.

Answer 102

Interpersonal communication

Question 103

What is individual creativity?

Answer 103

The agency or self-determination that makes possible our ability to resist or comply with 'the way things are.'

Question 104

__________ represents a relationship, a living moment of being with another. Here, the subject encounters a person and sees this person as a relationship rather than as an experience.

Answer 104

I-Thou

Question 105

The _______________ is a carefully crafted performance, one that we all style, rehearse, and produce for an audience.

Answer 105

Self

Question 106

T/F: Communication is the bridge that connects one or more people.

Answer 106

False

Question 107

T/F: A culture is never fully formed and static but rather a process, alive and in flux.

Answer 107

True

Question 108

T/F: All interpersonal relationships exist within culture.

Answer 108

True

Question 109

T/F: People intently make and remake culture.

Answer 109

True

Question 110

T/F: Voice, in the form of your word choices, tone, or degree of formality, is an inevitable function of purpose and audience.

Answer 110

True

Question 111

Spano (2001) explains, dialogue means living in the tension between our own ___________.

Answer 111

Assumptions or commitments and someone else’s.

Question 112

What are facts?

Answer 112

Social knowledge and commonly understood explanations of 'how and why the organization operates the way it does.'

Question 113

____________ is a situation in which two or more people learn or attempt to learn something together.

Answer 113

Collaborative learning

Question 114

Communication remains ___________; we remain concerned with verbal and nonverbal communication, we must engage in critical and compassionate listening, and so forth.

Answer 114

Constitutive

Question 115

The best way we can build alliances is through communication. Thus, ___________.

Answer 115

When we enter the space, we must be willing to engage in dialogue.

Question 116

T/F: A willingness to dialogue is a willingness to share and learn.

Answer 116

True

Question 117

T/F: Rites, like graduation, give us insight into how members participate in creating and interpreting organizational culture.

Answer 117

True

Question 118

T/F: The forming stage is about conflict within a group, especially over interpersonal issues.

Answer 118

False

Question 119

T/F: Alliance entails entitled groups of people working together toward social change.

Answer 119

False

Question 120

T/F: Leadership is a dynamic relationship based on mutual influence and common purpose.

Answer 120

True