COLREGS Flashcards
Summarise Rule 1
Rules cannot be overridden and port specific rules have to comply with colregs
Summarise Rule 2
Responsibility / avoid immediate danger
Summarise Rule 3
Definitions
Summarise Rule 4
Application
Summarise Rule 5
Lookout
Summarise Rule 6
Safe speed
What Does IRPCS Stand For
International Regulation for the Prevention of Collisions at Sea
What are COLREGS
Collision regulations
What Are The COLREGS Split Into
The regulations are split into 6 parts and 4 annexes
What Does STCW Stand For
Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers
The STCW is Split Into Two Parts, What Does Each Part Mean
Part A- Mandatory
Part B- Highly Advised
List The Main Point For Fitness For Duty
- At least 10 hours of rest in 24hours
- 77 hours rest in 7 days
- Fatigue is a big problem
- Never consume drug, alcohol or prescription drugs that impair judgment
List the Duties of the Lookout
-Report any light
-Report any vessel
-Report any floating objects
-Report any sound signal
-If necessary, use binoculars
The Helmsman cannot be the lookout, except:
Allowable in small ships where the steering position provides an unobstructed all round view, there is no impairment of night vision or any other impediment to the keeping of a proper lookout
The OOW may be the sole lookout in daylight conditions only, and provided the following conditions are met:
-The situation has been properly assessed and it has been established tis it is safe to do so
-A full account has been taken of all factors such as weather, visibility, traffic, etc
-Assistance is immediately available to the OOW should the situation change
State the Responsibilities of the Officer of The Watch and of the Relieving Officer
-Ensure that the members of the relieving watch are fully capable of performing their duties
-Ensure that the vision of the relieving watch is fully adjusted to the light conditions
-Ensure that all standing orders and the master’s night orders are fully understood
When Should The OOW Not Hand Over The Watch
-If there is reason to believe that the relieving officer is not capable of carrying out the watchkeeping duties effectively, in which case the master should be notified
-When a manoeuvre is in progress until such an action has been completed
General Emergency Alarm
- Seven or more short blasts followed by one long blast
-Used in various different emergency situations such as collision, grounding, flooding, etc.
-To muster all crew to their survival craft assembly station
Actions to be Taken by the Crew Once the Ship’s General Alarm is Sounded
- Proceed to the designated muster station
- Listen to the PA system for the type of emergency
-Once nature of alarm is known, crew must take corrective action to tackle the situation as per the muster plan
Fire Alarm
-Continuous sounding of shups alarm
-used in the even of a fire onboard, to muster fire teams
-When there is a fire detected by a crew member, they should raise the alarm signal onboard ship by pressing the nearest fire switch or by loudly and continuously shouting “FIRE”
-The ship’s fire alarm signal is sounded as the continuous ringing of the ship’s electrical bell or the continuous sounding of the ships horn
Man Overboard
-Three long blasts on the ships whistle, loud enough to inform other ships in the area
-Signal comprising light, and smoke can also be mounted in the bridge, attached by the side of a life-buoy. When thrown in the water, it will emit orange smoke and light to draw the ship’s crew or other ships in the area
Abandon Ship
The order is always a verbal command from the master, or next surviving officer
How Would a Crew Member Alert the Bridge of an Emergency
-Telephone
-Radios
-Talkback systems
Manual Call Points
-According to SOLAS, these will be installed throughout the vessel
-When pressed, it will show a red light to indicate that it has been activated, and will sound an alarm to inform the bridge that there is an emergency occurring in that particular part of the ship
Fixed Fire Detection System
Vessels must be fitted with these, and include smoke, flame and heat detectors, which would activate an alarm to alert the bridge officer or whole crew of the fact that an emergency situation is occurring
Muster List
-Must be conspicuously posted around the ship
-It contains clear instructions to be followed in the event of an emergency for every person onboard
-Covers all the following information:
*Alarms for different emergencies
*Muster Points
*List showing the assigned survival craft of each crew member
*Assigned duties for abandon ship
*Emergency equipment available
Individual Emergency Instructions
-Each crew member should be issued with individual emergency instructions that describe the emergency signals and the actions that should be taken by that crewmember in the event of hearing the signals
-The instructions should also include the crewmembers allocated muster station and survival craft
Drills and Training
-Emergency drills will be held frequently in order to prepare all the crewmembers for an emergency
-It should be second nature to follow the actions required
Watertight Doors
These stop water from moving from one watertight bulkhead to another and thus help to prevent the ship from flooding to the point of sinking
Fire Doors
-These are in any opening in any vertical fire resistant bulkheads which separate the ship to prevent the spread of fire
-They are capable of self-closing with the order from the bridge and in some cases automatically when the fire alarm is sounded
Portable Fire Extinguishers
-Located throughout the ship to enable the efficient fighting of small fires
-There will be different types depending upon the type of space that is served
Other Fire Equipment
-Fire hoses
-Personal protective equipment
-fixed fire fighting systems
-Fire dampers
-Smoke extraction systems
Lifejackets
-In readily accessible places for everyone onboard
-You will be instructed on how to wear it upon boarding your ship
Life Buoys
-Provided on the open decks and at the openings in the hull
-Certain ones are provided with a light and/or lifeline, and those on the bridge also have smoke floats attached
-Marked with the ship’s name and port of registry
-Used in the event of a MOB
What are the Two Types of Radios
VHF
UHF
What Does GMDSS Stand For
Global Maritime Distress and Safety Systems
Who Created the GMDSS and Why
The International Maritime Organisation (IMO), to increase safety and make it easier to rescue distressed vessels and aircrafts
VHF Radio with Digital Selective Calling (DSC)
A continuous watch should be kept on radiotelephone Channel 16 and VHF DSC Channel 70, as these channels are used for distress communications.
DSC Channel 70 is used for sending and receiving messages, and Channel 16 is used for spoken communication
What is MF/HF Radio used for
MF/HF radio is used for long-range communication between ships and coast stations, as well ass for broadcasting maritime safety information (MSI) and navigational warnings
Search And Rescue Transponder (SART)
A SART is a handheld device which transmits a signal when interrogated by an X band radar
It helps to direct the watchkeeper towards the SARTS, and therefore the distress craft, by using a series of dots which become arcs, and eventually become circles on the radar screen when the vessel gets closer
Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon (EPIRB)
When switched on, an EPIRB transmits a distress message containing all the ships pre-programmed information to a shore facility
An EPIRB is fixed to a mechanism (HRU) which allows it to float free and activate, in the event that a vessel sinks
NAVTEX
A NAVTEX reciever is carried on the bridge of the ship, and it prints messages in text format which are sent over radio
examples of NAVTEX messages could be:
Met Reports
Unsafe Areas
Emergency alerts from coast
According to Annex IV, What Other Signals Can Be Used To Indicate Distress
A gun or other explosive signal fired at intervals of about a minute
A continuous sounding with any fog-signalling apparatus
Autopilot Alarm
The autopilot alarm indicates that the autopilot is having difficulties keeping the vessel on the set heading. Steering should be switched to manual, and the source of the alarm should be determined. If the source of the alarm cannot be resolved, the master should be called immediately, and a record made in the log book
What is Rule 20 of the International Regulations for the Prevention of Collisions
Rule 20 discusses the application of the rules regarding lights and shapes
In What Conditions are Lights and Shapes Displayed
In all weather/ conditions
Define Masthead Light
A white light placed over the fore-and-aft centreline of the vessel showing an unbroken light over arc of the horizon of 225degrees and so fixed as to show the light from the right ahead to 22.5degrees abaft the beam on either side of the vessel
Define Side Lights
A green light on the starboard side and a red light on the port side
Define Stern Light
A white light placed as close as practicable at the stern, showing an unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of 135degrees and so fixed as to show the light 67.4degrees from right aft on each side of the vessel
Define Towing Light
A yellow light having the same characteristics as the Stern light
Define All-Round Lights
A light showing an unbroken light over an arc of horizon 360degrees (used for boats that cannot manoeuvre)
Define Flashing Light
A light flashing at regular intervals at a frequency for 120 flashes or more per minute.
How Many Masthead Lights Must A Vessel Under 50m Display
Only 1 masthead light
How Many Masthead Lights Must A Vessel Over 50m Display
2 masthead lights must be displayed
On A Vessel Less Than 20m, What Can Be Done To The Side Lights
Side lights can be combined in one lantern
Define Air Cushion Vessel
A vessel designed so that the whole or a significant part of its weight can be supported by a continuously generated cushion of air
When a Power Driven Vessel is Underway, What Must it Show
A masthead light (or two)
Side lights
Stern lights
What is The Topic of Rule 22 in the COLREGS
Visibility of Lights
How Far can Each Light on a Ship Over 50m Be Seen
Masthead, 6 miles
Sidelight, 3 miles
Stern light, 3 miles
Towing vessel, 3 miles
All-round light, 3 miles
How Far can Each Light on a Ship 13m or more Be Seen
Masthead on ship ^20m, 5 miles
Masthead on ship ^12m, 3 miles
Sidelight, 2 miles
Stern light, 2 miles
Towing light, 2 miles
All-round light, 2 miles
How Far can Each Light on a Ship Less than 12m Be Seen
Masthead, 2 miles
Sidelight, 1 mile
Stern light, 2 miles
Towing light, 2 miles
All-round lights, 2 miles
On an Inconspicuous, Partly Submerged Vessel or Objects Being Towed, What Light is Shown and How Far can it Be Seen
A white all-round light, 3 miles
Order:
Rudder Midship
Place the wheel back in the zero/centre position
Order:
Ease To…
Bring back the wheel towards midship to the stated angel
Order:
Steady As She Goes
Steer the heading on which the ship was heading when the command was received
Order:
Steady On Course
Steer the stated course
Order:
Hard To Port/Starboard
Put the wheel as far as it goes to port/starboard (no more than 35 degrees either side though)
Order:
Mark Your Head
State aloud the current heading of the vessel
According to the Mariners’ Handbook, What is Very Poor Visibility
Visibility less than 1000m
According to the Mariners’ Handbook, What is Poor Visibility
Visibility between 1000m and 2 nautical miles
According to the Mariners’ Handbook, What is Moderate Visibility
Visibility between 2 and 5 nautical miles
According to the Mariners’ Handbook, What is Good Visibility
Visibility more than 5 nautical miles
Sound Signals for Manoeuvring:
1 Short Blast
Sound Signals for Manoeuvring:
Changing course to starboard
Sound Signals for Manoeuvring:
2 Short Blasts
Sound Signals for Manoeuvring:
Changing course to Port
Sound Signals for Manoeuvring:
3 Short Blasts
Sound Signals for Manoeuvring:
Going Astern
Sound Signals for Manoeuvring:
2 Long, 1 Short Blasts
Sound Signals for Manoeuvring:
Overtake on starboard
Sound Signals for Manoeuvring:
2 Long, 2 Short Blasts
Sound Signals for Manoeuvring:
Overtake on Port
Sound Signals for Manoeuvring:
1 Long, 1 Short, 1 Long, 1 Short
Sound Signals for Manoeuvring:
Agree to be overtaken
Sound Signals for Manoeuvring:
5 Short Rapid Blasts, 5 Rapid Flashes
Sound Signals for Manoeuvring:
Unsure of Intent
Sound Signals for Manoeuvring:
1 Long Blast
(1 Long Blast Received Back)
Sound Signals for Manoeuvring:
Approaching bend/ obstruction
(Answer to Approaching bend/ obstruction)
Sound Signals In Restricted Visibility:
1 Long Blast (No More Than 2 Minutes)
Sound Signals In Restricted Visibility:
Making way in restricted visibility
Sound Signals In Restricted Visibility:
2 Long Blasts (2 Second Gap)
Sound Signals In Restricted Visibility:
Under way
Sound Signals In Restricted Visibility:
1 long, 2 Short (No More 2 Minutes)
Sound Signals In Restricted Visibility:
Not Under Command
Fishing
Constrained by draught
Restricted manoeuvring
Sailing PDV
Towing
Sound Signals In Restricted Visibility:
1 Long, 3 Short (No More 2 Minutes)
Sound Signals In Restricted Visibility:
Vessel Being Towed
Sound Signals In Restricted Visibility:
Rapid Bell Ringing for 5 Seconds + Gong for 5 Seconds (Intervals of a Minute)
Sound Signals In Restricted Visibility:
Vessel at anchor
Sound Signals In Restricted Visibility:
3 Bell Strokes, Rapid Bell Ringing for 5 Seconds, 3 Bell Strokes
Sound Signals In Restricted Visibility:
Vessel aground
Sound Signals In Restricted Visibility:
3 Warning Noises
Sound Signals In Restricted Visibility:
Vessel at anchor less than 20m
Sound Signals In Restricted Visibility:
4 Short Blasts
Sound Signals In Restricted Visibility:
Pilot Vessel
Beaufort Scale:
Force 0
Beaufort Scale:
Wind Speed: under 1 knots
WMO Description: Calm
Effects: Sea like a mirror
Beaufort Scale:
Force 1
Beaufort Scale:
Wind: 1-3 knots
Description: Light air
Effects: Ripples with appearance of scales
Beaufort Scale:
Force 2
Beaufort Scale:
Wind: 4-6 knots
Description: Light Breeze
Effects: Small wavelets, still short, but more pronounced. Crests have glassy appearance and do not break
Beaufort Scale:
Force 3
Beaufort Scale:
Wind: 7-10 knots
Description: Gentle Breeze
Effects: Large wavelets. Crests begin to break. Foam of glassy appearance. Perhaps scattered white horses
Beaufort Scale:
Force 4
Beaufort Scale:
Wind: 11-16 knots
Description: Moderate Breeze
Effects: Small waves, becoming lager; fairly frequent white horses
Beaufort Scale:
Force 5
Beaufort Scale:
Wind: 17-21 knots
Description: Fresh Breeze
Effects: Moderate waves, taking a more pronounced long form; many white horses are formed. Chance of some spray
Beaufort Scale:
Force 6
Beaufort Scale:
Wind: 22-27 knots
Description: Strong breeze
Effects: Large waves begin to form; the white foam crests are more extensive everywhere. Probably some spray
Beaufort Scale:
Force 7
Beaufort Scale:
Wind: 28-33 knots
Description: Near gale
Effects: Sea heaps up and white foam from breaking waves begins to be blown in streaks along the direction of the wind
Beaufort Scale:
Force 8
Beaufort Scale:
Wind: 34-40 knots
Description: Gale
Effects: Moderately high waves of greater length; edges of crests begin to break into spindrift. the foam is blown in well marked streaks along the direction of wind
Beaufort Scale:
Force 9
Beaufort Scale:
Wind: 41-47 knots
Description: Strong Gale
Effects: High waves. dense streaks of foam along the direction of the wind. Crests of waves begin to topple, tumble and roll over. Spray may affect visibility
Beaufort Scale:
Force 10
Beaufort Scale:
Wind: 48-55 knots
Description: Storm
Effects: Very high waves with long over-hanging crests. The resulting foam, in large patches, is blown in dense white streaks across the direction of the wind. On the whole the surface of the sea takes on a white appearance. The ‘tumbling’ of the sea becomes heavy and shock-like.
Beaufort Scale:
Force 11
Beaufort Scale:
Wind: 56-63 knots
Description: Violent storm
Effects: Exceptionally high waves (smaller ships may be lost from view due to wave height). the sea is completely covered in long white patches of foam lying along the direction of the wind. Visibility affected.
Beaufort Scale:
Force 12
Beaufort Scale:
Wind: 64+ knots
Description: Hurricane
Effects: The air is filled with foam and spray. Sea completely white with driving spray; visibility very seriously affected
Power Driven Vessel Less than 50m From Ahead
Power Driven Vessel from Astern
Power Driven Vessel less then 50m From Port Side
Power Driven Vessel less then 50m from Starboard Side
Power Driven Vessel Over 50m from Ahead
Power Driven Vessel Over 50m from Port Side
Power Driven Vessel Over 50m from Starboard Side
Towing Vessel less than 200m from Ahead (as well as usual PDV lights)
Towing Vessel more than 200m from Ahead (as well as usual PDV lights)
Towing Vessel from Astern
Vessel Engaged in Fishing
Vessel Engaged in Trawling
Vessel Not Under command
Vessel Restricted in their ability to Manoeuvre
Vessel Constrained by their Draught
Pilot Vessel
Anchored Vessel
Vessel Aground
Sailing Vessel
Summarise Rule 7
Don’t make assumptions based on little information
Summarise Rule 8
Actions to be taken to avoid collision
Summarise Rule 9
When sailing down a narrow channel, stay as close to your lane as possible
Summarise Rule 10
When sailing across a shipping lane, try point as closely as possible in the direction of the shipping lane
Summarise Rule 11
Section 2 applies to ships that can see each other
Summarise Rule 12
Actions to be taken when two sailing ships (not PDV) encounter one another
Summarise Rule 13
Overtaking situations
Summarise Rule 14
Head-on Situations
Summarise Rule 15
Crossing Situations
Summarise Rule 16
Actions to be taken by a give-way vessel
Summarise Rule 17
Actions of a Stand-on vessel
Summarise Rule 18
Responsibilities between vessels
Summarise Rule 19
Conduct of vessels in restricted visibility
Summarise Rule 20
Rules concerning lights apply from sunset to sunrise
Summarise Rule 21
Definitions about lights and shapes
Summarise Rule 22
Visibility of lights
Summarise Rule 23
Lights to be carried by PDV underway
Summarise Rule 24
Lights for vessels towing or pushing
Summarise Rule 25
Light requirements for sailing vessels and vessels under oars
Summarise Rule 26
Light requirements for fishing vessels
Summarise Rule 27
Light requirements for vessels not under command or restricted in their ability to manoeuvre
Summarise Rule 28
Light requirements for vessels constrained by their draught
Summarise Rule 29
Light requirements for pilot vessels
Summarise Rule 30
Light requirements for vessels anchored or aground
Summarise Rule 31
Light requirements for sea planes
Summarise Rule 32
Definitions of Whistle, short blast, and prolonged blast
Summarise Rule 33
vessels 12 metres or more in length should carry a whistle and a bell and vessels 100 metres or more in length should carry in addition a gong
Summarise Rule 34
Manoeuvring and warning signals, using lights or whistle
Summarise Rule 35
Sound signals to be used in restricted visibility
Summarise Rule 36
Signals to be used to attract attention
Summarise Rule 37
Distress Signals
Summarise Rule 38
Exemptions
Towing Vessel
Sailing Vessel Propelled by Machinery
Vessel Engaged in Fishing of Trawling
Vessels Not Under Command
Restricted in their ability to manoeuvre
Vessel Constrained by Draught
Anchored Vessel
Vessel Aground
