COLREGS Flashcards
Summarise Rule 1
Rules cannot be overridden and port specific rules have to comply with colregs
Summarise Rule 2
Responsibility / avoid immediate danger
Summarise Rule 3
Definitions
Summarise Rule 4
Application
Summarise Rule 5
Lookout
Summarise Rule 6
Safe speed
What Does IRPCS Stand For
International Regulation for the Prevention of Collisions at Sea
What are COLREGS
Collision regulations
What Are The COLREGS Split Into
The regulations are split into 6 parts and 4 annexes
What Does STCW Stand For
Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers
The STCW is Split Into Two Parts, What Does Each Part Mean
Part A- Mandatory
Part B- Highly Advised
List The Main Point For Fitness For Duty
- At least 10 hours of rest in 24hours
- 77 hours rest in 7 days
- Fatigue is a big problem
- Never consume drug, alcohol or prescription drugs that impair judgment
List the Duties of the Lookout
-Report any light
-Report any vessel
-Report any floating objects
-Report any sound signal
-If necessary, use binoculars
The Helmsman cannot be the lookout, except:
Allowable in small ships where the steering position provides an unobstructed all round view, there is no impairment of night vision or any other impediment to the keeping of a proper lookout
The OOW may be the sole lookout in daylight conditions only, and provided the following conditions are met:
-The situation has been properly assessed and it has been established tis it is safe to do so
-A full account has been taken of all factors such as weather, visibility, traffic, etc
-Assistance is immediately available to the OOW should the situation change
State the Responsibilities of the Officer of The Watch and of the Relieving Officer
-Ensure that the members of the relieving watch are fully capable of performing their duties
-Ensure that the vision of the relieving watch is fully adjusted to the light conditions
-Ensure that all standing orders and the master’s night orders are fully understood
When Should The OOW Not Hand Over The Watch
-If there is reason to believe that the relieving officer is not capable of carrying out the watchkeeping duties effectively, in which case the master should be notified
-When a manoeuvre is in progress until such an action has been completed
General Emergency Alarm
- Seven or more short blasts followed by one long blast
-Used in various different emergency situations such as collision, grounding, flooding, etc.
-To muster all crew to their survival craft assembly station
Actions to be Taken by the Crew Once the Ship’s General Alarm is Sounded
- Proceed to the designated muster station
- Listen to the PA system for the type of emergency
-Once nature of alarm is known, crew must take corrective action to tackle the situation as per the muster plan
Fire Alarm
-Continuous sounding of shups alarm
-used in the even of a fire onboard, to muster fire teams
-When there is a fire detected by a crew member, they should raise the alarm signal onboard ship by pressing the nearest fire switch or by loudly and continuously shouting “FIRE”
-The ship’s fire alarm signal is sounded as the continuous ringing of the ship’s electrical bell or the continuous sounding of the ships horn
Man Overboard
-Three long blasts on the ships whistle, loud enough to inform other ships in the area
-Signal comprising light, and smoke can also be mounted in the bridge, attached by the side of a life-buoy. When thrown in the water, it will emit orange smoke and light to draw the ship’s crew or other ships in the area
Abandon Ship
The order is always a verbal command from the master, or next surviving officer
How Would a Crew Member Alert the Bridge of an Emergency
-Telephone
-Radios
-Talkback systems
Manual Call Points
-According to SOLAS, these will be installed throughout the vessel
-When pressed, it will show a red light to indicate that it has been activated, and will sound an alarm to inform the bridge that there is an emergency occurring in that particular part of the ship
Fixed Fire Detection System
Vessels must be fitted with these, and include smoke, flame and heat detectors, which would activate an alarm to alert the bridge officer or whole crew of the fact that an emergency situation is occurring
Muster List
-Must be conspicuously posted around the ship
-It contains clear instructions to be followed in the event of an emergency for every person onboard
-Covers all the following information:
*Alarms for different emergencies
*Muster Points
*List showing the assigned survival craft of each crew member
*Assigned duties for abandon ship
*Emergency equipment available
Individual Emergency Instructions
-Each crew member should be issued with individual emergency instructions that describe the emergency signals and the actions that should be taken by that crewmember in the event of hearing the signals
-The instructions should also include the crewmembers allocated muster station and survival craft
Drills and Training
-Emergency drills will be held frequently in order to prepare all the crewmembers for an emergency
-It should be second nature to follow the actions required
Watertight Doors
These stop water from moving from one watertight bulkhead to another and thus help to prevent the ship from flooding to the point of sinking
Fire Doors
-These are in any opening in any vertical fire resistant bulkheads which separate the ship to prevent the spread of fire
-They are capable of self-closing with the order from the bridge and in some cases automatically when the fire alarm is sounded
Portable Fire Extinguishers
-Located throughout the ship to enable the efficient fighting of small fires
-There will be different types depending upon the type of space that is served
Other Fire Equipment
-Fire hoses
-Personal protective equipment
-fixed fire fighting systems
-Fire dampers
-Smoke extraction systems
Lifejackets
-In readily accessible places for everyone onboard
-You will be instructed on how to wear it upon boarding your ship
Life Buoys
-Provided on the open decks and at the openings in the hull
-Certain ones are provided with a light and/or lifeline, and those on the bridge also have smoke floats attached
-Marked with the ship’s name and port of registry
-Used in the event of a MOB
What are the Two Types of Radios
VHF
UHF
What Does GMDSS Stand For
Global Maritime Distress and Safety Systems
Who Created the GMDSS and Why
The International Maritime Organisation (IMO), to increase safety and make it easier to rescue distressed vessels and aircrafts
VHF Radio with Digital Selective Calling (DSC)
A continuous watch should be kept on radiotelephone Channel 16 and VHF DSC Channel 70, as these channels are used for distress communications.
DSC Channel 70 is used for sending and receiving messages, and Channel 16 is used for spoken communication
What is MF/HF Radio used for
MF/HF radio is used for long-range communication between ships and coast stations, as well ass for broadcasting maritime safety information (MSI) and navigational warnings
Search And Rescue Transponder (SART)
A SART is a handheld device which transmits a signal when interrogated by an X band radar
It helps to direct the watchkeeper towards the SARTS, and therefore the distress craft, by using a series of dots which become arcs, and eventually become circles on the radar screen when the vessel gets closer
Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon (EPIRB)
When switched on, an EPIRB transmits a distress message containing all the ships pre-programmed information to a shore facility
An EPIRB is fixed to a mechanism (HRU) which allows it to float free and activate, in the event that a vessel sinks
NAVTEX
A NAVTEX reciever is carried on the bridge of the ship, and it prints messages in text format which are sent over radio
examples of NAVTEX messages could be:
Met Reports
Unsafe Areas
Emergency alerts from coast
According to Annex IV, What Other Signals Can Be Used To Indicate Distress
A gun or other explosive signal fired at intervals of about a minute
A continuous sounding with any fog-signalling apparatus
Autopilot Alarm
The autopilot alarm indicates that the autopilot is having difficulties keeping the vessel on the set heading. Steering should be switched to manual, and the source of the alarm should be determined. If the source of the alarm cannot be resolved, the master should be called immediately, and a record made in the log book
What is Rule 20 of the International Regulations for the Prevention of Collisions
Rule 20 discusses the application of the rules regarding lights and shapes
In What Conditions are Lights and Shapes Displayed
In all weather/ conditions
Define Masthead Light
A white light placed over the fore-and-aft centreline of the vessel showing an unbroken light over arc of the horizon of 225degrees and so fixed as to show the light from the right ahead to 22.5degrees abaft the beam on either side of the vessel
Define Side Lights
A green light on the starboard side and a red light on the port side
Define Stern Light
A white light placed as close as practicable at the stern, showing an unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of 135degrees and so fixed as to show the light 67.4degrees from right aft on each side of the vessel
Define Towing Light
A yellow light having the same characteristics as the Stern light
Define All-Round Lights
A light showing an unbroken light over an arc of horizon 360degrees (used for boats that cannot manoeuvre)
Define Flashing Light
A light flashing at regular intervals at a frequency for 120 flashes or more per minute.
How Many Masthead Lights Must A Vessel Under 50m Display
Only 1 masthead light
How Many Masthead Lights Must A Vessel Over 50m Display
2 masthead lights must be displayed
On A Vessel Less Than 20m, What Can Be Done To The Side Lights
Side lights can be combined in one lantern
Define Air Cushion Vessel
A vessel designed so that the whole or a significant part of its weight can be supported by a continuously generated cushion of air
When a Power Driven Vessel is Underway, What Must it Show
A masthead light (or two)
Side lights
Stern lights
What is The Topic of Rule 22 in the COLREGS
Visibility of Lights
How Far can Each Light on a Ship Over 50m Be Seen
Masthead, 6 miles
Sidelight, 3 miles
Stern light, 3 miles
Towing vessel, 3 miles
All-round light, 3 miles
How Far can Each Light on a Ship 13m or more Be Seen
Masthead on ship ^20m, 5 miles
Masthead on ship ^12m, 3 miles
Sidelight, 2 miles
Stern light, 2 miles
Towing light, 2 miles
All-round light, 2 miles
How Far can Each Light on a Ship Less than 12m Be Seen
Masthead, 2 miles
Sidelight, 1 mile
Stern light, 2 miles
Towing light, 2 miles
All-round lights, 2 miles
On an Inconspicuous, Partly Submerged Vessel or Objects Being Towed, What Light is Shown and How Far can it Be Seen
A white all-round light, 3 miles
Order:
Rudder Midship
Place the wheel back in the zero/centre position
Order:
Ease To…
Bring back the wheel towards midship to the stated angel