Colour By Design

Question 1

Hydrogenation of benzene

Answer 1

Finely divided nickel
300 C
30atm

Question 2

Bromination of benzene

Answer 2

FeBr3

Heat under reflux

Question 3

Chlorination of benzene

Answer 3

AlCl3
Anhydrous
Room temp

Question 4

Alkylation of benzene

Answer 4

Reflux
Chloroalkane
AlCl3
Anhydrous

Question 5

Acylation of benzene

Answer 5

Acyl chloride or acid anhydride
AlCl3
Anhydrous

Question 6

Nitration of benzene

Answer 6

c. Nitric acid and c. Sulfuric acid (nitrating mixture)

Below 55 C

Question 7

Nitrating mixture

Answer 7

HNO3 + 2H2SO4 –> NO2+ +2HSO4- + H3O+

Question 8

Sulfonation of benzene

Answer 8

C. Sulfuric acid

Reflux for several hours

Question 9

Importance of Friedel Crafts reactions

Answer 9

Add carbons to benzene and builds up side chains

Question 10

Importance of Friedel Crafts reactions

Answer 10

Add carbons to benzene and builds up side chains

Question 11

Importance of nitration of benzene

Answer 11

Modify properties of chromophore so molecule has different colour

Question 12

Importance of sulfonation

Answer 12

Sulfonate group can form salts so its more soluble

Question 13

Diazotisation

Answer 13

Acid conditions
Sodium nitrite
Below 5 C

Question 14

Coupling reaction

Answer 14

Diazonium ion
Coupling agent (phenol or aromatic amine)
Ice cold

Question 15

What is mordanting?

Answer 15

Groups on fabric and dye form dative covalent bonds to metal ion forming chelate complex ions