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Oral Medicine > Colors of Oral Pathology II > Flashcards

Colors of Oral Pathology II Flashcards

1
Q

what is the “white” form of candidiasis?

A

pseudomembranous candidiasis

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2
Q

what is the “red” form of candidiasis, and what are the sub-categories?

A
  • erythematous candidiasis
    • central papillary atrophy of the tongue (median rhomboid glossitis)
    • angular cheilitis
    • denture stomatitis
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3
Q

what are basic forms that antifungals come in?

A

rinse, troche (dissolvable tablet - don’t want to use with patients with xerostomia), tablet, cream/ointment

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4
Q
A
  • *need histo to diagnose*
  • denture stomatitis (erythematous candidiasis)
  • or hypersensitivity reaction
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5
Q
A

central papillary atrophy of the tongue aka median rhomboid glossitis (form of erythematous candidiasis)

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6
Q
A

angular cheilitis (form of erythematous candidiasis)

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7
Q
A

angular cheilitis (form of erythematous candidiasis)

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8
Q

what is another term for angular cheilitis?

A

perleche

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9
Q

what two things cause angular cheilitis?

A

reduced vertical dimension and salivary pooling

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10
Q

what are the basic treatment options for angular cheilitis?

A
  • antifungals
  • increase vertical dimension
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11
Q

what are antifungal prescription options for the treatment of angular cheilitis?

A
  • mycolog II (triamcinolone 0.1% and nystatin 100,000 gram ointment)
  • nystatin oral suspension (100,000 units/ml) aka mycostatin
  • clotrimazole troche 10mg aka mycelex
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12
Q

what is the prescription for mycolog II?

A
  • aka triamcinolone 0.1% and nystatin 100,000 units/gram ointment
  • disp: 15g tube
  • sig: apply tid until healing occurs
  • refills: 1
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13
Q

what is the prescription for nystatin oral suspension (100,000 units/ml)?

A
  • aka mycostatin
  • disp: 240ml
  • sig: rinse with 1-2tsp for 2 min then expectorate (or swallow, if affecting the soft pharynx)
  • refills: 3
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14
Q

what is the prescription for clotrimazole troche 10mg?

A
  • aka mycelex
  • disp: 50 tabs
  • sig: one troche 5 times a day (let dissolve in mouth)
  • refills: 0
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15
Q
A

lymphoid hyperplasia (on floor of mouth because of waldeyer’s ring)

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16
Q
A

lymphoid hyperplasia

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17
Q

clinically blanches under pressure

A

hemangioma

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18
Q

clinically blanches under pressure

A

hemangioma

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19
Q

a ___ is a benign proliferation of blood vessels

A

hemangioma

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20
Q

hemangiomas affect ___% of children

A

10-12%

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21
Q

how is a hemangioma differentiated from a hematoma/petechiae?

A

a hemangioma will clinically blanch under pressure (dyoscopy)

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22
Q

what is the treatment for hemangioma?

A

surgery, laser, observation

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23
Q

history of placing candies in this area

A

hypersensitivity reaction

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24
Q

history of eating a scalding hot slice of deep dish pizza

A

thermal burn

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25
Q

what is the definition of erythroplakia?

A

a pathologic intraoral red patch that cannot be clinically diagnosed as any other entity

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26
Q

what are the most common locations of erythroplakia?

A
  • floor of mouth
  • tongue
  • soft palate
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27
Q

90% of erythroplakia lesions are histologically ___, ___, or ___

A
  • severe dysplasia
  • carcinoma in situ
  • squamous cell carcinoma
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28
Q

what are 6 red lesions?

A
  • erythematous candidiasis
  • angular cheilitis
  • lingual tonsil
  • hemangioma
  • hypersensitivity reaction
  • erythroplakia
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29
Q
A

physiologic pigmentation

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30
Q

radiograph shows radiopacities in the area of the lesion

A

amalgam tattoo

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31
Q
A

oral melanotic macule

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32
Q
A

oral melanotic macule

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33
Q

what is another name for an oral melanotic macule?

A

focal melanosis

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34
Q

___ is a solitary, well-demarcated tan to dark brown macule, 1-7mm in size

A

oral melanotic macule

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35
Q

what are the most common locations for oral melanotic macules?

A

lower lip > buccal mucosa > gingiva

36
Q

what is the treatment for oral melanotic macule?

A

none, or biopsy to rule out melanoma

37
Q
A

intradermal nevus

if this was found within the oral cavity, it would be considered an intramucosal nevus

38
Q

an intramucosal nevus is histologically identical to a ___

A

intradermal nevus

39
Q
A

intramucosal nevus

40
Q
A

oral melanoacanthoma

41
Q

oral melanoacanthoma is an aquired ___

A

pigmentation

42
Q

oral melanoacanthoma is seen almost exclusively in what population?

A

african americans (more common in females, age 20-30)

43
Q

what is the most common site of occurence of oral melanoacanthoma?

A

buccal mucosa

44
Q

what is the treatment for oral melanoacanthoma?

A
  • lesions tend to increase rapidly in size
  • incisional biopsy is indicated to rule out melanoma
  • no further treatment is necessary, as lesions can regress after incisional biopsy
45
Q
A

melanoma

46
Q
A

melanoma

47
Q
A

melanoma

48
Q
A

melanoma

49
Q
A

melanoma

50
Q
A

melanoma

51
Q

malignant melanoma is ___ with early ___

A

rapidly growing with early metastasis

52
Q

if you have median rhomboid glossitis with any other form of candidiasis, you have ___

A

chronic multifocal candidiasis

53
Q
A

blue nevus

54
Q
A

lingual varicosities

55
Q
A

hemangioma

56
Q
A

ranula

57
Q
A

salivary duct cyst

58
Q
A

mucoepidermoid carcinoma

59
Q
A

fordyce granules

60
Q
A

oral lymphoepidermoid cyst

61
Q
A

parulis aka gum boil

62
Q
A

lipoma

63
Q
A

lipoma

64
Q
A

lipoma

65
Q
A

granular cell tumor

66
Q

___ is a benign soft tissue neoplasm that shows a predilection for the oral cavity

A

granular cell tumro

67
Q

what is the most common site for a granular cell tumor?

A

tongue (up to 50%) - dorsal surface

68
Q

are granular cell tumors symtomatic or asymptomatic? sessile or pedunculated? what size?

A

asymptomatic, sessile nodule that is less than 2cm

69
Q

what color are granular cell tumors typically?

A

yellow or mucosal-colored

70
Q

___ patients may experience multiple granular cell tumors

A

african american

71
Q
A

xerostomia

72
Q
A

xerostomia

73
Q

what are two treatments for xerostomia?

A

biotene products and mouth kote

74
Q

what are the 6 steps of xerostomia therapy?

A
  • sip water throughout the day
  • suck on ice (do not chew)
  • discontinue alcohol, caffeine, soda
  • humidifier at night
  • lubricate lips (lanolin)
  • fluoride supplementation
75
Q

what is pilocarpine?

A

prescription approved for the treatment of dry mouth from radiation/chemotherapy, sjogren’s syndrome

76
Q

what is the prescription for pilocarpine?

A
  • pilocarpine 5mg tablets
  • aka salagen
  • disp: 90 tablets
  • sig: 5mg TID for first month and then titrating to maximum dose of 30mg per day depending upon response and tolerance
77
Q

what medications counteract pilocarpine?

A

meds with anticholinergic effects, like benadryl and some antidepressants

78
Q

what are some options to treat dry lips?

A
  • chapstick (plain)
  • aquaphor
  • blistex complete
  • landolin
79
Q

what are 3 prescriptions for herpetic infections?

A
  • acyclovir 5% ointment (zovirax)
  • famcyclovir (famvir) 125mg tablets
  • valacyclovir (valtrex) 500mg tablets
80
Q

what is the prescription for acyclovir 5% ointment (zovirax)?

A
  • disp: 3 or 15mg tube
  • sig: apply to affected area six (6) times a day
81
Q

what is the prescription for famcyclovir (famvir) 125mg tablets?

A
  • disp: 10 tablets
  • sig: take one tablet bid for five (5) days
82
Q

what is the prescription for valacyclovir (valtrex) 500mg tablets?

A
  • disp: 8 tablets
  • sig: take four (4) tablets in prodrome and four (4) tablets 12 hours later
83
Q

what is L-lysine used for?

A

over-the-counter medication for herpetic infections

84
Q

what are the directions for L-lysine use for herpetic infections?

A
  • L-lysine 500mg tablets
  • take 1 tablet daily
  • at start of outbreak, take ten (10) tablets through outbreak, then go back to 1 tablet daily
85
Q

what is abreva?

A
  • aka docosanol 10% cream
  • non-prescription product used for herpetic infections
  • comes in a 2g tube
  • a thin amount is applied to the affected area five (5) times a day
86
Q

what are the 9 steps to treating burning mouth?

A
  • lubrication
  • candidiasis treatment
  • nutritional treatment (B12, folate, iron, zinc)
  • diabetic control
  • eliminate triclosan/tartar control products
  • switch hypertensive medication if on ACE-inhibitor
  • clonazepan 0.5mg tablet: start with dissolving half a 0.5mg tab bid and slowly increase to 1mg bid (2 tabs) **off label usage**
  • alpha lipoid acid
  • capsaicin

Oral Medicine (10 decks)

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