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LC Gastroenterology Week 5 > Colorectal cancer > Flashcards

Colorectal cancer Flashcards

1
Q

Describe what benign colorectal neoplasia would be?

A
  • adenoma
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2
Q

Describe what malignant colorectal neoplasia would be?

A
  • adenocarcinoma
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3
Q

Describe colorectal polyps?

A

Inflammatory
Hamartomatous
Metaplastic
Neoplastic (Adenoma)

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4
Q

Describe what an oncogene when mutated can do?

A

Cause excess cell growth and division

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5
Q

Describe what tumour suppressor genes can do when mutated?

A

Allow cell growth and division

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6
Q

What might colorectal cancer look like under the microscope?

A

Polypoidal
Ulcerative
Annular

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7
Q

What might benign (adenomas) of the colon look like?

A

Tubular

Villous

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8
Q

What might malignant (adenocarcinomas) of the colon look like?

A

Well differentiated
Moderately differentiated
Poorly differentiated

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9
Q

Describe T1-T4 in TNM staging?

A

T1 - submucosa only
T2 - into muscle
T3 - through muscle
T4 - adjacent structures (including the peritoneum)

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10
Q

What are some protective lifestyle factors for colorectal cancer?

A

Vegetables
Fibre
Exercise

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11
Q

What are some causative lifestyle factors for colorectal cancer?

A

Red and processed meat
Smoking
Alcohol
Obesity

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12
Q

Describe what gene in which there is a mutation in in FAP?

A

Mutation in the APC gene

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13
Q

Describe what gene in which there is a mutation in in HNPCC?

A

Mutation in DNA mismatch repair gene

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14
Q

What might be some predisposing conditions for colorectal cancer?

A

Adenomatous polyps
Ulcerative colitis
Crohns

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15
Q

Describe some symptoms of colorectal cancer?

A

Anaemia

Pain
Change of bowel habit
Rectal bleeding

Tenesmus

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16
Q

What might you find on examination in colorectal cancer?

A 
Anaemia 
Lymphadenopathy 
Mass 
Hepatomegaly 
Distention 
Mass 
Blood
17
Q

How might you go about diagnosing colorectal cancer?

A

Barium enema
CT holography
Sigmoidoscopy
Colonoscopy

18
Q

At what age do people get colorectal cancer screening?

A

50 +

19
Q

What might an emergency presentation of colorectal cancer look like?

A

Obstruction - distention, constipation, pain, vomiting

Bleeding

Perforation

20
Q

What would be the treatment of colorectal cancer?

A

Surgery
Radiotherapy
Chemotherapy

LC Gastroenterology Week 5 (10 decks)

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