Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

FFP Abdominal pain and PR bleeding > Colorectal cancer > Flashcards

Colorectal cancer Flashcards

1
Q

Normal layers of intestinal tissue (from inner to outer)

A 
epithelium
Connective tissue 
Thin muscle layer
Submucosa
Thick muscle layers
Subserosa
Serosa
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What do the stem cells in the intestinal tissue form

A 
Columnar epithelium cells
Exocrine functioning cells such as goblet cells
Endocrine functioning cells
Panet cells (small intestine)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the most common variant of colorectal cancer

A

Adenocarcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Risk factors of colorectal cancer

A 
Age
Type 2 diabetes
Chron's and UC
Family history 
Processed meats
Alcohol and smoking
Obesity
Physical inactivity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Differences in symptoms of tumours in different locations in colon

A

Right sided- Pain, weight loss, diarrhoea and change in bowel habit

Left colon- Pain, Change in bowel habits

Rectum- Bleeding and change in bowel habits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Symptoms of colorectal cancer from metastatic spread

A

Jaundice, RUQ
Ascites or pain from peritoneal metastases
Pneumaturia or recurrent UTI due to a cold-vesical fistula
Weight loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Com;ications of colorectal cancer

A 
Bowel obstruction and perforation
Iron deficiency anaemia
Hepatic and peritoneal metastasis 
Bone and lung metastases
Colo-vesical fistula
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Screening for CR cancer

A

Routine regular colonoscopy for those with a positive fam history

For average risk population, colonoscopy, CT colonography and faecal occult blood (FOB) testing is conducted

FOB is done between 50 and 74yo and a single flexible sigmoidoscopy is performed age 55

Colonoscopy performed if FOB is positive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Differential diagnoses

A

Rare colonic cancers: lymphoma, carcinoid tumours, Kaposi’s sarcoma, invasive prostate cancer

Benign polyps

Pseudo-polyps in pseudomembranous colitis causes by C. difficile

Endometriosis

Lipoma

Abdominal TB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Investigations done for people with suspected CR cancer

A 
FBC (haem and WBC count)
U&E
LFT 
Magnesium and calcium
Tumour markers (CEA)
Coagulation and Group and Save for blood transfusion

Colonoscopy for histology

Imaging for staging (CT abdomen-pelvis. CT chest)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What adenocarcinomas are more aggressive

A

Mucinous
Signet ring
Medullary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How to treat stage 3 cancer

A

Adjuvant chemo radio

-6 months of oxaliplatin based chemo plus 5-FU or Capecitabine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How to treat rectal cancer

A

Neoadjuvant chemoradio therapy to shrink cancer before surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How to treat a perforation or obstruction

A

Proximal defunctioning stoma or an end stoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly

FFP Abdominal pain and PR bleeding (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions