Colorectal and Prostate Cancer

Question 1

96 % of colorectal cancers are

Answer 1

Adenocarcinomas

Question 2

Colorectal cancer is _________ most common cancer and ________ in cancer deaths.

Answer 2

3rd

Question 3

Risk factors for colorectal cancer

Answer 3

Male, increased age, hx of noncancerous polyps, hx IBD, family hx, T2DM

Question 4

Things that could DECREASE the risk of developing colorectal cancer

Answer 4

ASA/NSAID, post-menopausal hormones, calcium, vitamin D

Question 5

Things that could INCREASE the risk for developing colorectal cancer

Answer 5

Sedentary lifestyle, obesity, alcohol use, smoking, western diet

Question 6

At what age should people be screened for colorectal cancer?

Answer 6

45-75 years, no more after 85

Question 7

What are the two types of screening that can be done for colorectal cancer?

Answer 7

Stool based and structure based

Question 8

How often should one go through a stool based screening?

Answer 8

every 1-3 years

Question 9

How often should one go through a structure based screening?

Answer 9

every 5-10 years

Question 10

How can you prevent false positives for a stool based screening?

Answer 10

Avoid… red meat and raw veggies x 3 days, rectal enemas, DRE, ASA/NSAID x 7 days, blood from hemorrhoids, 3 days post menstruation

Question 11

How can you prevent false negatives for stool based screening?

Answer 11

Avoid… vit C (>250 mg), citrus juices/fruits x 3 days, dehydrated samples

Question 12

What are symptoms of colorectal cancer?

Answer 12

Change in bowel habits, feeling doesn’t go away after going to the bathroom, rectal bleeding, cramping, weakness/fatigue

Question 13

What are signs of colorectal cancer?

Answer 13

Increased CEA, increased liver enzymes, jaundice, lower back pain, leg edema, weight loss

Question 14

The goal for stage I, II, and III colon cancer is ______

Answer 14

Cure

Question 15

The goal for stage IV colon cancer is _________

Answer 15

palliation

Question 16

1st line therapy for stage I, II, III colon cancer includes:

Answer 16

Surgery + Adjuvant (FOLFIRI, FOLFOX, CapeOX)

Question 17

Which colorectal cancer adjuvant therapy is available orally?

Answer 17

CapeOx (Capecitabine + oxaliplatin)

Question 18

Which colorectal cancer adjuvant regimen is 1st line?

Answer 18

FOLFOX (folinic acid + 5-FU + oxaliplatin + bevacizumab)

Question 19

A patient with colorectal cancer has a history of neuropathy. Which adjuvant regimen would be best for this patient?

Answer 19

FOLFIRI (irinotecan + leucovorin + 5-FU)

Question 20

Side effects of belvacizumab

Answer 20

Bleeding, delayed wound healing

Question 21

What is the therapy regimen for metastatic colorectal cancer?

Answer 21

Palliation: neoadjuvant x 2-3 mo, surgery, post surgery chemo

Question 22

5 year survival rate for prostate cancer

Answer 22

90%

Question 23

Risk factors for developing prostate cancer

Answer 23

Men, > 50 yrs, family hx

Question 24

T or F: There is no current recommendation to decrease risk of developing prostate cancer.

Answer 24

T

Question 25

What things increase risk of developing prostate cancer?

Answer 25

Vitamin E

Question 26

At what age should screening for prostate cancer be done?

Answer 26

55-69 years

Question 27

What screening tests are available for prostate cancer?

Answer 27

PSA and DRE

Question 28

T or F: There is currently approved chemoprevention drugs for prostate cancer.

Answer 28

F

Question 29

Prostate cancer often metastisizes to the ______

Answer 29

bone

Question 30

Symptoms of prostate cancer are similar to that of _____

Answer 30

BPH

Question 31

T or F: Active surveillance is an option for those with prostate cancer.

Answer 31

T

Question 32

What is the mainstay of prostate cancer treatment?

Answer 32

Androgen deprivation therapy

Question 33

How can ADT in prostate cancer be achieved?

Answer 33

Surgery, radiation, hormonal therapy

Question 34

Leuropolide is in which pharmacological class?

Answer 34

LHRH agonist

Question 35

Flutamide or bicalutamide is given WITH which pharmacological class?

Answer 35

LHRH agonists

Question 36

Why must LHRH agonists be given with an additional drug?

Answer 36

They can cause a disease flare in the first 14 to 28 days before castration is achieved.

Question 37

Degarelix is in which pharmacological class?

Answer 37

GnRH antagonist

Question 38

T or F: Antiandrogens must be given with Degarelix.

Answer 38

F

Question 39

What therapy is 2nd line in those with castration resistant prostate cancer?

Answer 39

Abiraterone + prednisone

Question 40

Chemo in prostate cancer is considered ________ line.

Answer 40

Last (taxanes + prednisone)