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Oncology > Colorectal and Prostate Cancer > Flashcards

Colorectal and Prostate Cancer Flashcards

1
Q

96 % of colorectal cancers are

A

Adenocarcinomas

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2
Q

Colorectal cancer is _________ most common cancer and ________ in cancer deaths.

A

3rd

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3
Q

Risk factors for colorectal cancer

A

Male, increased age, hx of noncancerous polyps, hx IBD, family hx, T2DM

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4
Q

Things that could DECREASE the risk of developing colorectal cancer

A

ASA/NSAID, post-menopausal hormones, calcium, vitamin D

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5
Q

Things that could INCREASE the risk for developing colorectal cancer

A

Sedentary lifestyle, obesity, alcohol use, smoking, western diet

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6
Q

At what age should people be screened for colorectal cancer?

A

45-75 years, no more after 85

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7
Q

What are the two types of screening that can be done for colorectal cancer?

A

Stool based and structure based

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8
Q

How often should one go through a stool based screening?

A

every 1-3 years

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9
Q

How often should one go through a structure based screening?

A

every 5-10 years

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10
Q

How can you prevent false positives for a stool based screening?

A

Avoid… red meat and raw veggies x 3 days, rectal enemas, DRE, ASA/NSAID x 7 days, blood from hemorrhoids, 3 days post menstruation

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11
Q

How can you prevent false negatives for stool based screening?

A

Avoid… vit C (>250 mg), citrus juices/fruits x 3 days, dehydrated samples

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12
Q

What are symptoms of colorectal cancer?

A

Change in bowel habits, feeling doesn’t go away after going to the bathroom, rectal bleeding, cramping, weakness/fatigue

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13
Q

What are signs of colorectal cancer?

A

Increased CEA, increased liver enzymes, jaundice, lower back pain, leg edema, weight loss

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14
Q

The goal for stage I, II, and III colon cancer is ______

A

Cure

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15
Q

The goal for stage IV colon cancer is _________

A

palliation

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16
Q

1st line therapy for stage I, II, III colon cancer includes:

A

Surgery + Adjuvant (FOLFIRI, FOLFOX, CapeOX)

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17
Q

Which colorectal cancer adjuvant therapy is available orally?

A

CapeOx (Capecitabine + oxaliplatin)

18
Q

Which colorectal cancer adjuvant regimen is 1st line?

A

FOLFOX (folinic acid + 5-FU + oxaliplatin + bevacizumab)

19
Q

A patient with colorectal cancer has a history of neuropathy. Which adjuvant regimen would be best for this patient?

A

FOLFIRI (irinotecan + leucovorin + 5-FU)

20
Q

Side effects of belvacizumab

A

Bleeding, delayed wound healing

21
Q

What is the therapy regimen for metastatic colorectal cancer?

A

Palliation: neoadjuvant x 2-3 mo, surgery, post surgery chemo

22
Q

5 year survival rate for prostate cancer

A

90%

23
Q

Risk factors for developing prostate cancer

A

Men, > 50 yrs, family hx

24
Q

T or F: There is no current recommendation to decrease risk of developing prostate cancer.

A

T

25
Q

What things increase risk of developing prostate cancer?

A

Vitamin E

26
Q

At what age should screening for prostate cancer be done?

A

55-69 years

27
Q

What screening tests are available for prostate cancer?

A

PSA and DRE

28
Q

T or F: There is currently approved chemoprevention drugs for prostate cancer.

A

F

29
Q

Prostate cancer often metastisizes to the ______

A

bone

30
Q

Symptoms of prostate cancer are similar to that of _____

A

BPH

31
Q

T or F: Active surveillance is an option for those with prostate cancer.

A

T

32
Q

What is the mainstay of prostate cancer treatment?

A

Androgen deprivation therapy

33
Q

How can ADT in prostate cancer be achieved?

A

Surgery, radiation, hormonal therapy

34
Q

Leuropolide is in which pharmacological class?

A

LHRH agonist

35
Q

Flutamide or bicalutamide is given WITH which pharmacological class?

A

LHRH agonists

36
Q

Why must LHRH agonists be given with an additional drug?

A

They can cause a disease flare in the first 14 to 28 days before castration is achieved.

37
Q

Degarelix is in which pharmacological class?

A

GnRH antagonist

38
Q

T or F: Antiandrogens must be given with Degarelix.

A

F

39
Q

What therapy is 2nd line in those with castration resistant prostate cancer?

A

Abiraterone + prednisone

40
Q

Chemo in prostate cancer is considered ________ line.

A

Last (taxanes + prednisone)

Oncology (1 decks)

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