Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Object recognition > Color > Flashcards

Color Flashcards

1
Q

How much of the electromagnetic spectrum do we see?

A

between 400-700nm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are photoreceptors?

A

Photoreceptors are tuned to respond to a particular wavelength/color.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the problem of univarience?

A

Two completely different colors elicit the same response.

Changing intensity makes it even worse.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What stimuli to photoreceptors respond to?

A

Photoreceptors respond to both wavelength and intensity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is intensity?

A

brightness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Can we see light with only one kind of photoreceptors?

A

NO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the two type of light levels?

A

Photopic and Scotopic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is photopic light?

A

Bright sunlight and indoor lighting.

Stimulates cones and saturates rods.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is scotopic light?

A

Moonlight, dim indoor lighting.

Stimulates rods, but too dim for cones.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What type of photoreceptors respond best to scotopic light?

A

Rods-

All rods contain the photopigment rhodopsin.
All rods have the same sensitivity to various wavelengths of light.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What type of photoreceptors respond best to photopic light?

A

Cones are active in photopic light.

There are three types of cones, each with different photopigment, sensitive to different wavelengths.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the three types of cones in trichromacy?

A

l-cones
m-cones
s-cones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are l cones?

A

Preferentially tuned to long wavelengths

“red” cones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are m cones?

A

Preferentially tuned to middle wavelengths

“green” cones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are s cones?

A

Preferentially tuned to short wavelengths

“blue” cones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is color matching?

A
  • theory is if you have the right shades of 3 colors- (red,green,blue) you can make any color
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are metamers?

A

Different mixtures of wavelengths that look identical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is additive color mixing?

A

If light A and light B are both reflected from a surface to the eye, your perception is based on the addition of the two.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is subtractive color mixing?

A

Mix Pigment A and Pigment B.
A absorbs some wavelengths and reflects others.
B absorbs some wavelengths and reflects others.
What you see is what is left after each pigment subtracts some.

20
Q

How do you describe color?

A

any color can be specified using three numbers

21
Q

What is RGB colorspace?

A

Defined by the amount of Red, Green, and Blue.

Long, medium, and short wavelength lights.

22
Q

What is HSB Color Space?

A

Hue: chromatic (color) aspect of light.
Saturation: chromatic strength of a hue.
Brightness: distance from black in color space.

23
Q

What are ‘legal colors’?

A

Only some color combinations are allowed.

24
Q

What are the legal and illegal color combinations?

A 
Legal”:
bluish-green (turquoise, aqua)
reddish-yellow (orange)
bluish-red (purple)
“Illegal”:
reddish-green
bluish-yellow
25
Q

What is the opponent color theory?

A

Perception of color is based on the output of three mechanisms, each of them based on an opponency between two colors:

26
Q

What are some of the opponent color?

A

red-green
blue-yellow
black–white

27
Q

How do we process color?

A

Cells in the LGN respond to combinations of signals from retinal ganglion cells.

28
Q

What is a color opponent cell?

A

Color-opponent cell:
A neuron whose output is based on a difference between sets of cones.
Same wiring as lateral inhibition.

29
Q

How do neurons in the LGN respond to the Color opponent cells?

A

Some are excited by M-cones in the center and inhibited by L-cones in the surround (and vice versa): red-green
Others are excited by S-cones in the center and inhibited by (M+L)-cones in the surround (and vice versa): blue-yellow.

30
Q

What is selective adaptation?

A

We can observe opponent-cells using adaptation,

31
Q

What is an afterimage?

A

A visual image seen after a stimulus has been removed.

32
Q

What is a negative afterimage?

A 
An afterimage whose polarity is the opposite of the original stimulus
white image → dark afterimage
red image → green afterimage
blue image → yellow afterimage
(and vice versa)
33
Q

How many people are effected by color blindness?

A

8% of male population

0.5% of female population

34
Q

What are the three types of colorblindness?

A

protanopia
deuteranopia
tritanopia

35
Q

What is protanopia?

A

Absence of L-cones

1.3% of males, 0.01% of females

36
Q

What is deuteranopia?

A

Absence of M-cones

1.2% of males, 0.01% of females

37
Q

What is tritanopia

A

Absence of S-cones

0.001% of males, 0.03% of females

38
Q

What is color anomalous?

A

L- and M-cones that are so similar that they can’t make discriminations.

39
Q

What is a cone monochromat?

A

Only one cone type; truly color-blind.

40
Q

What is a rod monocromat?

A

No cones at all.

41
Q

What is cultural relativism?

A

Basic perceptual experiences (e.g., color perception) may be determined in part by the cultural environment.

42
Q

What is an unrelated color?

A

A color that can be experienced in isolation.

43
Q

What is a related color?

A

A color that is seen only in relation to other colors.
e.g., brown, gray
A “gray” patch in complete darkness appears white

44
Q

What is an illuminant?

A

The light that illuminates a surface

45
Q

What is color consistency?

A

The tendency of a surface to appear the same color under a fairly wide range of illuminants.

Object recognition (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions