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Humanities Midterm Review > Colonization and Exploration > Flashcards

Colonization and Exploration Flashcards

1
Q

Reasons for European Exploration

A

God - Power
Gold - Property
Glory - Profit

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2
Q

What were the Crusades?

A

A long series of wars between Europeans, Muslims, and Christians

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3
Q

How did the Crusades impact trade and exploration?

A

Trade between Europe and Asia began to grow. Europe began exploring more.

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4
Q

What is mercantilism?

A

An economic concept that a country’s power is dependent on its wealth. It was facilitated by governmental regulation and control of resources and trade.

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5
Q

What is the free enterprise system?

A

An economy where the market (free market) determines prices, products, and services rather than the government

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6
Q

What is the difference between mercantilism and free enterprise?

A

Mercantilism is under governmental control and free enterprise is not under your own control.

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7
Q

What do the Mayflower Compact, Fundamental Orders of Connecticut, Magna Carta, and Virginia House of Burgesses have in common?

A

They were all different forms of self-government.

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8
Q

Three Parts of the Triangular Trade

A
  1. Europe sent rum to Africa
  2. Africa sents slaves to North America (Middle Passage)
  3. North America sent raw materials to Europe
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9
Q

What was the Middle Passage?

A

The difficult voyage across the Atlantic Ocean that slaves were forced to endure.

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10
Q

What contributed to the increase in the number of African slaves in the late 1600s?

A

There were more plantations and slaves could do labor for much cheaper than indentured servants.

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11
Q

5 Southern Colonies

A

Southern Belles: Maryland, Virginia, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina

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12
Q

First Permanent English Settlement, Year Founded, and Purpose

A

Jamestown; 1607; charter/corporate for profit

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13
Q

Significance of the Virginia House of Burgesses

A

First elected Representative Assembly in the New World

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14
Q

Southern Colonies Climate

A
  1. Very warm
  2. Long growing season
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15
Q

Southern Colonies Economy

A
  1. Agriculture: Rice, Indigo, Tobacco
  2. Plantations used as slave labor
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16
Q

Southern Colonies Reasons for Settlement

A

Money (except Maryland)

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17
Q

Who founded Georgia and why?

A

James Oglethorpe. Military outpost for English and refuge for debtors.

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18
Q

Who founded Maryland and why?

A

George Calvert and Lord Baltimore. Safe haven for English Catholics.

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19
Q

4 New England Colonies

A

Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, and New Hampshire

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20
Q

Where did the Pilgrims settle?

A

Plymouth, Massachusetts

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21
Q

Significance of the Mayflower Compact created by Pilgrims and Year Created

A

November 11, 1620; First attempt at self-government in the New World

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22
Q

What are Puritans?

A

They wanted to reform the Church of England

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23
Q

What are Pilgrims?

A

They wanted to separate from the Church of England

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24
Q

Where did the Puritans settle and year?

A

1630; Massachusetts Bay Colony

25
Q

Who led the Puritans?

A

John Winthrop who referred to colony as “city upon a hill”

26
Q

Center of Puritan Communities

A

Church

27
Q

Why did Puritan communities emphasize education?

A

Wanted children to read the Bible

28
Q

New England Colonies Climate

A
  1. Very cold winters
  2. Short growing seasons
  3. Bad for farming
29
Q

New England Colonies Economy

A
  1. Fishing, whaling, lumber, shipbuilding, furs, trade
  2. Subsistence farming
30
Q

New England Colonies Reasons for Settlement

A

Puritans and Pilgrims (religious freedom)

31
Q

Founder of Connecticut

A

Thomas Hooker

32
Q

Significance of the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

A

First written Constitution in the New World

33
Q

Ideals in the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

A
  1. Limiting governor’s power
  2. Expanding idea of representative government
  3. Extending voting rights to non-church members
34
Q

Anne Hutchinson’s Role in Rhode Island

A

Founder who was banished from Massachusetts. Founded Rhode Island for religious tolerance.

35
Q

4 Middle Colonies

A

NYPD: New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Delaware

36
Q

Middle Colonies Climate

A
  1. Moderate weather (warm summers, cold winters)
  2. Medium growing season
37
Q

Middle Colonies Economy

A
  1. Breadaskets Colonies (produced mass amounts of grain)
  2. More slaves than New England, less than Southern
38
Q

Middle Colonies Reasons for Settlement

A
  1. Religious freedom
  2. Economic Reasons
39
Q

Founder of New York

A

Duke of York

40
Q

Founder of Pennsylvania and why

A

William Penn for religious reasons and a Quaker haven

41
Q

What did Pennsylvania’s government look like?

A

Representative government and freedom of religion

42
Q

Significance of the Magna Carta and Year

A

Magna Carta, written in 1215, was the first document in history that limited the power of the king and granted rights to freemen

43
Q

Significance of the English Bill of Rights

A

The Bill of Rights gave less power to monarchs and more to people. People had basic rights, like electing representatives.

44
Q

How did the Glorious Revolution lead to the English Bill of Rights?

A

Glorious Revolution was when William and Mary became King and Queen. Led to English Bill of Rights because they promised Parliament they would agree to a new set of rules: the Bill of Rights.

45
Q

What is the Legislative body in England composed of two houses, which will serve as a model for the American system?

A

Parliament

46
Q

Who was John Peter Zenger and what did his case lead to?

A

Newspaper printer in NYC arrested for printing criticism of the Governor of New York. Led to him not guilty. Could publish whatever he wanted as long as it was true. Lead to FREEDOM OF THE PRESS.

47
Q

Who was John Locke?

A

Enlightenment philosopher

48
Q

How did Locke influence colonial leaders?

A

Said governments existed only to protect citizens’ Naturals Rights: Life, Liberty, and Property.

49
Q

What was the Enlightenment?

A

Movement that stressed science and reason as the paths to knowledge. Encouraged individuals to think for themselves.

50
Q

What was the first Great Awakening?

A
  1. Religious fervor among the colonies
  2. Promoted equality for all (Women, Africans, Natives)
  3. Religious tolerance (new churches)
  4. Encouraged people to question authority
51
Q

Who proposed the Albany Plan of Union?

A

Benjamin Franklin

52
Q

What did the Albany Plan of Union attempt to do?

A

Unite the colonies

53
Q

Was the Albany Plan of Union a success?

A

Failed: rejected by all 13 colonies.

54
Q

What did the Treaty of Paris of 1763 end?

A

French and Indian War

55
Q

What terms did the Treaty of Paris of 1763 include?

A
  1. Britain gets all land East of the Mississippi River (including Canada)
  2. Spain gets all land West of the Mississippi River and New Orleans
  3. France gets kicked out of North America
56
Q

Effects of the French and Indian War

A
  1. War was expensive and Britain was in debt (prices rose)
  2. Colonists move west into newly acquired land (Native land)
  3. Pontiac’s Rebellion: Natives led by Pontiac attack and destroy British forts
57
Q

Who issued the Proclamation of 1763 and why?

A

Issued by England to cease conflict between colonists and Natives.

58
Q

What did the Proclamation of 1763 ban?

A

Banned settlement west of the Appalachian mountains.

59
Q

Why did the Proclamation of 1763 upset the colonists?

A

Upset colonists because they believed it was their right to have the land.

Humanities Midterm Review (3 decks)

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