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Civics Single tests > Colonist Revolution > Flashcards

Colonist Revolution Flashcards

1
Q

Who was Ethan Allen and what did he do?

A

A Vermont blacksmith who didn’t want to wait for congress to act so he led a band of Vermonters known as the Green Mountain Boys on an attack at Fort Ticonderoga for the cannons

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2
Q

What are the advantages that the Colonists have?

A

“Home field Advantage
+knew the local terrain
+fighting for their homes
-Owned rifles and were good shots
-Brilliant general George Washington(eventually)
-Help from Europe(eventually)

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3
Q

What are the disadvantages that the Colonists have?

A

-Disorganized, untrained
-No navy, gunpowder, cannons
-Few willing to travel: needed to stay close to farm and family in local militias

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4
Q

What are the advantages that the British have?

A

-Highly trained, experienced
-Support from loyalists
-Powerful navy
-Urban fighting

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5
Q

What are the disadvantages that the British have?

A

-Fighting 3000miles from home
+News commands slow
+Supplies slow
-No incentive to fight
-Rural fights

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6
Q

Explain the Battle of Bunker Hill

A

Colonial William Prescott went to Bunker hill then Breeds Hill. British saw them, tried twice to fight but retreated and then on the third time then British general William Howe took over the Hill.

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7
Q

Explain the Importance of the Battle of Bunker Hill

A

First Major battle of revolution, Americans took it back over when the Green Mountain Boys brought cannons

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8
Q

What is a blockade?

A

The shutting of a port to keep people or supplies from moving in or out

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9
Q

What is a mercenary?

A

Troop for hire

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10
Q

Who wrote Common Sense?

A

Thomas Paine

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11
Q

What were the four main points of Common Sense and what was the Conclusion?

A

1.Rejects idea of Divine Right
-calls it “Ancient Superstition”
-Enlightenment
-Instead calls for representative Democracy
2.GB is selfishly using us for their own economic gain through Mercantilism
3.Rejects the idea that GB is the “Mother Country
4.Practical Reason
-They’re to far away and to small to govern us
Conclusion: “tis time to part”
-Time to declare independence and start our own country

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12
Q

What is a traitor?

A

A person who betrays their country

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13
Q

Who was the Congress appointed committee to write the Dec of Ind?

A

John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, Robert Livingston and Roger Sherman

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14
Q

Who signed the Dec of Ind first because he was the president of the continental congress?

A

John Hancock

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15
Q

What are the 3 natural rights according to the Dec of Ind?

A

Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness

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16
Q

Who said “I regret that I have but one life to lose for my country”

A

Nathan Hale

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17
Q

Who wrote to washinton(on the continental congress) saying that he favored independence?

A

Richard Henry Lee

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18
Q

List the order of the Dec of ind

A

Preamble, natural rights, British wrongs, independence

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19
Q

What is a preamble

A

Intro

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20
Q

Explain the Battle of Long Island

A

Washington was fighting British general William Howe and lost due to having less and untrained troops. He retreated to New Jersey and then Pennsylvania due to getting pursued.

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21
Q

Explain the Battle of Trenton

A

Washington was losing soldiers so he decided to do a surprise attack in Trenton. On the morning of Dec 26 they surprised the Hussein(German) troops guarding Trenton and took them prisoner

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22
Q

Explain the Battle of Princeton

A

British general Charles Cornwallis set out to capture Washington. Washington slipped behind British lines that were marching towards Princeton and won.

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23
Q

What was the importance of the Battle of Princeton and Trenton?

A

It gave Americans new hope.

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24
Q

What was John Burgoyne’s plan? What did he do?

A

His plan was to cut off New England. Armies under Burgoyne and Barry St Leger marched to fort Stanwix but were fought off by Benedict Arnold. He then recaptured Fort Ticonderoga and then moved on to Saratoga. He was surrounded at the fort by the Green Mountain Boys and he surrendered. This was the Battle of Saratoga.

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25
Q

What was the importance of The Battle of Saratoga

A

The fight convinced France to become an ally. Ben Franklin went to negotiate with the French.

26
Q

Who is Marquis de Lafayette

A

A young French noble who brought trained soldiers to help
Also fought at Brandywine and became one of GW most trusted friends

27
Q

Who is Friedrich von Stuben?

A

A German from Prussia who helped train troops to march and drill

28
Q

Who is Thaddeus Kosciusko?

A

A Polish engineer who helped build forts and other defenses

29
Q

Who is Casimir Pulaski?

A

Polish who trained cavalry or troops on horseback

30
Q

What happened at Valley Forge?

A

Washington’s army stayed there for the winter and it was very bad conditions. Martha Washington went there to help the wounded. Once it was over, the patriots were through there bleakest hour.

31
Q

Who was Handy Betsy?

A

Blacksmith who made cannons and guns for Americans

32
Q

Who was Mary Ludwig Hays?

A

Also known as Molly Pitcher, brought water to American soldiers

33
Q

Who was Betsy Ross?

A

From Philadelphia, she sewed flags for Washington’s army. Legend has she made the first American flag with stripes.

34
Q

What was the importance of Women in the war?

A

This war made women think about their rights and it established important ideas of Liberty and Equality

35
Q

Who was Prince Estabrook?

A

AA wounded at Lexington and Concord

36
Q

Were African Americans allowed to serve in the war?

A

AA from all colonies, except SC, were allowed to serve in the war

37
Q

Who was Peter Salem?

A

AA who fought at Bunker Hill

38
Q

Who was Salem Poor?

A

AA who fought at Bunker Hill

39
Q

Who was Saul Matthews?

A

AA who served as a spy

40
Q

Who was James Armistead?

A

AA who served as a spy

41
Q

What was the importance of African Americans fighting in the war?

A

AA hoped that the revolution would end slavery. During the Revolution, Mass., NH, and Penn. moved to make slavery illegal and the colonies started debating it

42
Q

Who were the Indian Allies of the British?

A

Cherokees, Creeks, Choctaws, Chickasaws. Iroquois forces led by Mohawk leader Joseph Brant joined by loyalists in raiding Penn and NY

43
Q

What tribe did the Mohawk leader lead?

A

Joseph Brant led Iroquois.

44
Q

What did George Rogers Clark do?

A

Led Virginians into Ohio Vally and w/ Miami Indians help they captured the brit forts at Kaskaskia and Cahokia. Then they went to surprise attack at Vincennes and made them surrender

45
Q

Who was Bernardo de Galvez?

A

He was the governor of Spanish Louisiana and he secretly supplied the Americans with medicine, clothing, muskets and gunpowder

46
Q

What city in texas was named after Galvez?

A

Galveston

47
Q

What ship did Captain John Paul Jones capture?

A

Serapis

48
Q

What is the significance of the Battle of Yorktown?

A

It was the Last Major battle and it led to the British surrender

49
Q

Who were the negotiators at the treaty of Paris?

A

American: John Jay, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin
British: David Hartley

50
Q

What were the agreements in the Treaty of Paris?

A
  1. GB recognized the US as a free independent nation and bec ause of that they have to remove all claim on the land and cut all ties to the colonists
  2. The Borders changed
    North: Canada
    South: Spanish Florida
    East: Atlantic Ocean
    West: Mississippi River
51
Q

Who was at the Battle of Yorktown?

A

Americans:
Washington
French:
Lafayette(Ground)
Rochambeau(Ground)
deGrasse
British:
Cornwallis
Graves
Clinton

52
Q

What happened at the battle of Yorktown?

A

Cornwallis got a message from Clinton to go to New York. CW goes to Yorktown from Charlottesville. GW follows him to the Peninsula and calls for reinforcements (Lafayette and Rochambeau) trapping CW. CW was expecting Graves but he got sunk by deGrasse. deGrasse then blocked Chesapeake bay. Because CW couldn’t escape he surrendered.

53
Q

Who was Henry Clinton and what did he do?

A

He was the new British commander-in-chief and he hoped the loyalists would join if he fought in the south. Fights from Brits and Loyalists became more brutal which caused Loyalists to side with Patriots

54
Q

Who were Nathanael Greene and Daniel Morgan and what they do?

A

From RI, he was a military leader and led the Continental Army in ground fights to put British at a disadvantage. This wore out the soldiers due to Nathanael geography knowledge
From Virginia, Morgan won the battle of Cowpens because he used a battle strategy where the front would fire two rounds of shots and act like they were retreating. The enemy would chase but then the rear army would step up and catch them off guard.

Greene and Morgan combined armies and fought CW at Guilford Courthouse and it was the bloodiest battle with Americans retreating.

55
Q

Who was the Swamp Fox and what did he do?

A

Francis Marion of SC led a band of small militia and used Guerilla(hit and run) tactics to harass the british. After the attack they would retreat quickly into the swamps.

56
Q

Who was Benedict Arnold and what did he do?

A

BA committed treason to America. He changed sides when he wasn’t getting enough credit for his wins and he needed money. He secretly gave up West Point, a key fort in NY.

57
Q

What is Seige?

A

An army surrounds and blockades an enemy’s position in attempt to capture it

58
Q

Overall, Why did Americans win the war?

A

They won due to Geography, British were far from there homes and spread out, French money helped pay for supplies and the french military was vital, Spanish attacks along the Gulf of Mexico and Mississippi Valley and Patriotic Spirit

59
Q

Who was the French King who supplied American’s armies?

A

King Louis XVI

60
Q

Two European countries that fought w/ us that isn’t French?

A

Spain and Netherlands

Civics Single tests (5 decks)

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