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History 101 > Colonisation Of The Subcontinent > Flashcards

Colonisation Of The Subcontinent Flashcards

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1
Q

What did the Portuguese do to increase profits from their voyages?

A

Built forts around trading bases and forced ships to buy passes

The Portuguese profited sixty times the cost of each voyage from goods bought in India.

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2
Q

What was the impact of the Portuguese having seventy well-defended sea ports?

A

Increased profits and reduced risk by taxing ships docking at forts

Ships had to pay taxes on the goods they were carrying.

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3
Q

Which European countries began to challenge the Portuguese dominance at sea?

A

Dutch, French, and British

They built ships with bigger and better cannons.

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4
Q

What was the role of the Dutch East India Company in the 1600s?

A

Challenged the Dutch for control over spice trade and built forts in Kerala

The company formed in 1602 and had eleven forts by 1650.

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5
Q

What was the consequence of the Dutch controlling the Indonesian spice trade?

A

Monopoly on clove prices and restricted export of cloves

Only 800-1000 cloves allowed out each year.

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6
Q

When did the Dutch East India Company force the Portuguese out of southwestern India?

A

By 1680

This marked a significant shift in power in the region.

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7
Q

What was the state of English trade during the reign of Elizabeth I?

A

Lost much of their trade in Europe and needed new trading links

Conflicts with Spain and France affected their trade.

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8
Q

Which empires controlled the major land trade by 1600?

A

Ottomans, Mughals, and the Chinese

These three empires accounted for about 80 percent of the world’s trade.

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9
Q

True or False: The Portuguese had the greatest naval power in the early stages of colonization.

A

True

They had greater power at sea compared to their rivals initially.

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10
Q

Fill in the blank: The Dutch East India Company was formed in _______.

A

1602

This was a pivotal moment in European trading history.

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11
Q

What did the Dutch East India Company control?

A

The Indonesian spice trade

The Dutch East India Company had a monopoly on clove prices.

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12
Q

What happened to the Dutch East India Company’s monopoly?

A

It was challenged by a Frenchman who stole goods and sold them elsewhere

This act hurt the profits and ambitions of the Dutch.

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13
Q

Why didn’t local Indian princes go to war with the Portuguese?

A

It was cheaper for Indian merchants to buy Portuguese trading passes than to go to war

War would have meant paying for expensive ships and cannon.

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14
Q

When was the English East India Company formed?

A

1600

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15
Q

What significant event occurred in 1615 involving the English East India Company?

A

Sir Thomas Roe visited Mughal Emperor Jahangir

He received permission to build a trading post.

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16
Q

What did the farman issued by Aurangzeb in 1667 grant the British East India Company?

A

Rights to trade duty-free in Bengal

This caused resentment among the nawabs of Bengal.

17
Q

Who was Robert Clive?

A

An officer in the East India Company’s armed forces who defeated the French in India

He started as a trader in 1744.

18
Q

What was the state of the Mughal Empire by the mid-eighteenth century?

A

The emperors ruled only in name over their old empire

Many provinces became independent, including Bengal, Oudh, and Hyderabad.

19
Q

Fill in the blank: The English East India Company established trading centers in ______, Madras, and Bombay.

A

Calcutta

20
Q

True or False: The Mughal rulers were at their peak of power by 1740.

A

False

21
Q

What did the English East India Company begin to build up in response to threats?

A

Armed forces

They aimed to protect their trading interests against the French and local rulers.

22
Q

What was one reason for the British victory in military conflicts in the eighteenth century?

A

The dissent from the nawabs of Bengal due to loss of revenue

This dissent was a direct result of the farman issued by Aurangzeb.

23
Q

What percentage of India did the Maratha armies control by the mid-eighteenth century?

A

About 80 percent

24
Q

What action did the British take to protect their trade in Bengal?

A

They fortified their base in Calcutta and hired more men.

25
Q

Who was the Nawab of Bengal that demanded the British remove their fortifications?

A

Siraj-ud-Daula.

26
Q

What happened in June 1756 regarding Calcutta?

A

Siraj-ud-Daula occupied Calcutta and expelled the British.

27
Q

Who commanded the British army that drove Siraj-ud-Daula’s army out of Calcutta in January 1757?

A

Robert Clive.

28
Q

What was the significance of the Battle of Plassey?

A

It was a crucial battle where the British defeated Siraj-ud-Daula, solidifying their control over Bengal.

29
Q

What was Siraj-ud-Daula’s response to the threat posed by Robert Clive?

A

He moved his army south to Plassey.

30
Q

Who was bribed by Robert Clive to change sides during the Battle of Plassey?

A

Mir Jafar.

31
Q

What did Clive promise Mir Jafar if he changed sides?

A

To make him the Nawab of Bengal.

32
Q

What weather condition affected the Battle of Plassey?

A

It started to rain heavily.

33
Q

What did the British do to protect their artillery during the rain?

A

They covered their cannon and ammunition with sheets.

34
Q

What happened to Siraj-ud-Daula’s artillery during the rain?

A

It was disabled because his forces did not cover it quickly enough.

35
Q

What advice did Mir Jafar give to Siraj-ud-Daula during the battle?

A

To retreat.

36
Q

What was the outcome for Siraj-ud-Daula after the battle?

A

He fled the battlefield and was later captured and executed.

37
Q

Who became the new Nawab of Bengal after the battle?

A

Mir Jafar.

38
Q

How was Mir Jafar’s rule characterized after becoming Nawab?

A

He was a puppet of the East India Company.

39
Q

What position did Robert Clive hold after the battle?

A

Governor of Bengal.

History 101 (1 decks)

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