Colonial History Weeks 1-3 Flashcards
Economic system in which a nation could increase its wealth and power in 2 ways. 1: by obtaining as much gold and silver as possible (sold more goods than bought) 2: Establishing a favorable balance of trade
Mercantilism
an English writer known for promoting the settlement of North America by the English by his works: Divers Voyages, and Touching the Discoverie of America
Richard Hakluyt
3 largest ships of the English Virginia Company on the 1606-1607 voyage that resulted in the founding of Jamestown in the new Colony of Virginia
Susan Constant, Godspeed, Discovery
An English joint stock company established by royal charter by King James 1 with the purpose of establishing colonial settlements in North America
London Company
transported mostly English Puritans and Separatists, transported them to Massachusetts in 1620. There were 120 passengers and about 25-30 crew members
Mayflower
one who supports separation, one who supports segregation
Separatists
Religious group that felt the church had kept too much Catholic ritual; wanted to “purify” the church by eliminating all traces of Catholicism
Puritans
“You are the light of the world. A city that is set on a hill cannot be hidden.” Matthew 5:14
City on a Hill sermon
Puritans migrated to Massachusettes
Great Migration of the 1630’s
A pilgrim, the 2nd governor of the Plymouth Colony, 1621-1657. He developed private land ownership and helped colonists get out of debt. He helped the colony survive droughts, crop failures, and Indian attacks
William Bradford
Native American who assisted the Pilgrims after their 1st winter
Squanto
As governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony. Was instrumental in forming the colony’s government and shaping its legislative policy. He envisioned the colony, centered in present day Boston, as a “city upon a hill” from which puritans would spread religious righteousness throughout the world.
John Winthrop
He founded Rhode Island for separation of Church and State. He believed that the Puritans were too powerful and was ordered to leave the Massachusetts Bay Colony for his religious beliefs.
Roger Williams
Several accusations of witchcraft led to sensational trials in Salem. At which Cotton Mather presided as the chief judge. 18 people were hanged for witchcraft. Afterwards, most people involved admitted that the trials and executions had been a mistake.
Salem Witch Trials
Founder and governor of Georgia colony. Slaves, alcohol, and Catholicism were forbidden. Many felt he was a dictator. Many colonists were upset with his reign, and he ended up losing his position as governor.
James Ogelthorpe
An uprising in 1676 in the Virginia Colony. Led by Nathaniel Bacon. It was the 1st rebellion in the American colonies in which discontented frontierism took part; a similar uprising took place in Maryland occurred later that year. They were protesting against the governor in Virginia, William Berkley
Bacon’s Rebellion
An armed conflict in 1634-1638 between an alliance of Massachusetts Bay and Plymouth colonies with Native American allies against the Pequot tribe. The result was the elimination of the Pequot as a viable polity in what is present-day Southern New England
Pequot War
War between the Native American tribes of New England and British colonists that took place from 1675-1676. The war was the result of tension caused by encroaching white settlers. The chief of the Wampanoags, King Philip lead the natives. The war ended Indian resistance in New England and left a hatred of whites
King Philip’s War
The most serious slave rebellion in the colonial period when occurred in 1739 in South Carolina. 100 African Americans rose up, got weapons and killed several whites when tried to escape to South Florida. The uprising was crushed and the participants executed. The main form of rebellion was running away, though there was no where to go.
Stono Rebellion
Plan proposed by Benjamin Franklin in 1764 that aimed to unite the 13 colonies for trade, military, and other purposes; the plan was turned down by the colonies and the Crown
Albany Plan of Union
Halved the duty on foreign made molasses, placed duties on certain imports, and strengthened the enforcement of the law allowing prosecutors to try smuggling cases in a vice-admiralty court
Sugar Act
The British recognized the independence of the United States. It granted boundaries, which stretched from the Mississippi on the west, to the Great Lakes on the North, and to Spanish Florida on the South. The Yankees retained a share of Newfoundland. It greatly upset the Canadians.
Treaty of Paris 1763
A group of Scots-Irish men living in the Appalachian hills that wanted protected from Indian attacks. They made an armed march of Philadelphia in 1764. They protested the liniment way that the Quakers treated the Indians. Their ideas started the Regulator movement
Paxton Boys (Pennsylvania 1763)
winter of 1609 to 1610. Colonists of Virginia. Only 60 members of the original 400 colonists survived. The rest died of starvation because they did not possess the skills that were necessary to obtain food in the new world.
Starving Time