Colonial History Weeks 1-3

Question 1

Economic system in which a nation could increase its wealth and power in 2 ways. 1: by obtaining as much gold and silver as possible (sold more goods than bought) 2: Establishing a favorable balance of trade

Answer 1

Mercantilism

Question 2

an English writer known for promoting the settlement of North America by the English by his works: Divers Voyages, and Touching the Discoverie of America

Answer 2

Richard Hakluyt

Question 3

3 largest ships of the English Virginia Company on the 1606-1607 voyage that resulted in the founding of Jamestown in the new Colony of Virginia

Answer 3

Susan Constant, Godspeed, Discovery

Question 4

An English joint stock company established by royal charter by King James 1 with the purpose of establishing colonial settlements in North America

Answer 4

London Company

Question 5

transported mostly English Puritans and Separatists, transported them to Massachusetts in 1620. There were 120 passengers and about 25-30 crew members

Answer 5

Mayflower

Question 6

one who supports separation, one who supports segregation

Answer 6

Separatists

Question 7

Religious group that felt the church had kept too much Catholic ritual; wanted to “purify” the church by eliminating all traces of Catholicism

Answer 7

Puritans

Question 8

“You are the light of the world. A city that is set on a hill cannot be hidden.” Matthew 5:14

Answer 8

City on a Hill sermon

Question 9

Puritans migrated to Massachusettes

Answer 9

Great Migration of the 1630’s

Question 10

A pilgrim, the 2nd governor of the Plymouth Colony, 1621-1657. He developed private land ownership and helped colonists get out of debt. He helped the colony survive droughts, crop failures, and Indian attacks

Answer 10

William Bradford

Question 11

Native American who assisted the Pilgrims after their 1st winter

Answer 11

Squanto

Question 12

As governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony. Was instrumental in forming the colony’s government and shaping its legislative policy. He envisioned the colony, centered in present day Boston, as a “city upon a hill” from which puritans would spread religious righteousness throughout the world.

Answer 12

John Winthrop

Question 13

He founded Rhode Island for separation of Church and State. He believed that the Puritans were too powerful and was ordered to leave the Massachusetts Bay Colony for his religious beliefs.

Answer 13

Roger Williams

Question 14

Several accusations of witchcraft led to sensational trials in Salem. At which Cotton Mather presided as the chief judge. 18 people were hanged for witchcraft. Afterwards, most people involved admitted that the trials and executions had been a mistake.

Answer 14

Salem Witch Trials

Question 15

Founder and governor of Georgia colony. Slaves, alcohol, and Catholicism were forbidden. Many felt he was a dictator. Many colonists were upset with his reign, and he ended up losing his position as governor.

Answer 15

James Ogelthorpe

Question 16

An uprising in 1676 in the Virginia Colony. Led by Nathaniel Bacon. It was the 1st rebellion in the American colonies in which discontented frontierism took part; a similar uprising took place in Maryland occurred later that year. They were protesting against the governor in Virginia, William Berkley

Answer 16

Bacon’s Rebellion

Question 17

An armed conflict in 1634-1638 between an alliance of Massachusetts Bay and Plymouth colonies with Native American allies against the Pequot tribe. The result was the elimination of the Pequot as a viable polity in what is present-day Southern New England

Answer 17

Pequot War

Question 18

War between the Native American tribes of New England and British colonists that took place from 1675-1676. The war was the result of tension caused by encroaching white settlers. The chief of the Wampanoags, King Philip lead the natives. The war ended Indian resistance in New England and left a hatred of whites

Answer 18

King Philip’s War

Question 19

The most serious slave rebellion in the colonial period when occurred in 1739 in South Carolina. 100 African Americans rose up, got weapons and killed several whites when tried to escape to South Florida. The uprising was crushed and the participants executed. The main form of rebellion was running away, though there was no where to go.

Answer 19

Stono Rebellion

Question 20

Plan proposed by Benjamin Franklin in 1764 that aimed to unite the 13 colonies for trade, military, and other purposes; the plan was turned down by the colonies and the Crown

Answer 20

Albany Plan of Union

Question 21

Halved the duty on foreign made molasses, placed duties on certain imports, and strengthened the enforcement of the law allowing prosecutors to try smuggling cases in a vice-admiralty court

Answer 21

Sugar Act

Question 22

The British recognized the independence of the United States. It granted boundaries, which stretched from the Mississippi on the west, to the Great Lakes on the North, and to Spanish Florida on the South. The Yankees retained a share of Newfoundland. It greatly upset the Canadians.

Answer 22

Treaty of Paris 1763

Question 23

A group of Scots-Irish men living in the Appalachian hills that wanted protected from Indian attacks. They made an armed march of Philadelphia in 1764. They protested the liniment way that the Quakers treated the Indians. Their ideas started the Regulator movement

Answer 23

Paxton Boys (Pennsylvania 1763)

Question 24

winter of 1609 to 1610. Colonists of Virginia. Only 60 members of the original 400 colonists survived. The rest died of starvation because they did not possess the skills that were necessary to obtain food in the new world.

Answer 24

Starving Time

Question 25

Was a Prominent Puritan colonial leader, who founded the Colony of Connecticut after dissenting with Puritan leaders in Massachusetts

Answer 25

Thomas Hooker

Question 26

Adopted by the Connecticut Colony council on January 14, 1639. Describes the government set up by the Connecticut River towns, setting its structure and powers

Answer 26

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

Question 27

The first poet and first female writer in the British North American colonies to be published. Her first poem was The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America, in 1650

Answer 27

Anne Bradstreet

Question 28

Was the Director of the Dutch colony of New Netherlands from 1626 until 1633, and founded the Swedish colony of New Sweden in 1638

Answer 28

Peter Minuet

Question 29

Served as the last Dutch Director-General of the colony of New Netherlands from 1647 until it was ceded provisionally to the English in 1664, after which it was renamed New York

Answer 29

Peter Stuyvesant

Question 30

Eighth Proprietary Governor of Newfoundlands, was an English politician and colonizer, he achieved political success as a member of Parliament and later Secretary of State under King James I

Answer 30

George Calvert

Question 31

AKA The Act Concerning Religion, was the law mandating religious tolerance for trinitarian Christians

Answer 31

Maryland Toleration Act of 1649

Question 32

An attempt by the Religious Society of Friends, AKA Quakers, to establish a community for themselves in Pennsylvania. They hoped it would show to the world how well they could function on their own without any persecution or dissension

Answer 32

The Holy Experiment

Question 33

North American colonies settled by the Dutch and the Swedes (present-day New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware)

Answer 33

Middle Colonies

Question 34

Founders of the U.S. state of New Jersey

Answer 34

John Berkeley and George Carteret

Question 35

On of the number of the land grants in North America given by King Charles II of England in the latter half of the 17th century.

Answer 35

Restoration Colonies

Question 36

An administrative union of English colonies in the New England region of North America. Many colonists didn’t agree because they didn’t like being stripped of their traditional rights. The new dominion represented centralized control

Answer 36

Dominion of New England

Question 37

A cultural group formed by early German-speaking immigrants to Pennsylvania, and their descendants.

Answer 37

Pennsylvania Dutch

Question 38

An uprising in late 17th century colonial New York, in which German American merchant and militia captain Jacob Leisler seized control of the colony’s south and ruled it from 1689 to 1691. The rebellion reflected colonial resentment against the policies and the deposed the policies of the deposed King James II

Answer 38

Leisler’s Rebellion

Question 39

all products derived from pine sap, whcih are used to manufacture soap, paint, varnish, shoe polish, lubricants, linoleum, and roofing materials

Answer 39

Naval Stores

Question 40

Imposed a tax of six pence per gallon on imports of molasses from non-British colonies. Parliament created the act largely at the insistence of large plantation owners in the British West Indies. The act was passed to regulate trade.

Answer 40

Molasses Act

Question 41

trade among three ports or regions

Answer 41

Triangular trade

Question 42

Fort established by the French in 1754, at the junction of the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers in what is now downtown Pittsburgh

Answer 42

Fort Duquesne

Question 43

National Battlefield Site in Fayette County, Pennsylvania. The early battle of the French and Indian War, which resulted in the surrender of British Colonial forces under Colonel George Washington.

Answer 43

Fort Necessity

Question 44

War that took place between 1754 and 1763 involving most of the great powers and affected America, Central America, the West African coast, India,and the Philippines

Answer 44

Seven Years’ War

Question 45

British Whig who rose to the position of Prime Minister of Great Britain. He was born into an influential political family and entered parliament in 1741 as an MP for Buckingham

Answer 45

George Grenville