Colonial Era of CDO - Spanish Era Flashcards
What is Cagayan de Oro known for in the context of Northern Mindanao?
It is a highly urbanized city and the capital of Misamis Oriental.
Where is Cagayan de Oro located geographically?
On the central coast of Misamis Oriental, bordered by Bukidnon, Agusan del Norte, Iligan City, and Lanao del Norte, and positioned along Macajalar Bay.
What strategic importance does Cagayan de Oro have?
It serves as a gateway for domestic and international trade via Laguindingan Airport and seaports and is an economic hub for trade, logistics, tourism, and commerce.
Who are the Higaonon people?
They are an indigenous group skilled in farming, hunting, and traditional arts, contributing to Cagayan de Oro’s identity beyond commerce.
When did Spanish explorers arrive in Mindanao, including Cagayan de Oro?
In the 16th Century.
What motivated the Spanish expeditions to Mindanao, including Cagayan de Oro?
Expansion, trade, and spreading Christianity.
Who was Datu Salangsang?
An indigenous leader who initially resisted Spanish presence but adapted strategically and formed alliances with missionaries.
When did Fr. Pedro de San Agustin arrive in Cagayan de Oro, and what was his role?
In 1622, he arrived to establish a Christian mission, marking a pivotal cultural transformation for the city.
Who was Fray Agustin de San Pedro?
A religious and military leader who helped relocate the Himologan settlement near Gaston Park and was honored with the San Agustin Metropolitan Cathedral.
What was the significance of Datu Salangsang’s conversion to Christianity?
His conversion laid the foundation for a Christianized community in Cagayan de Oro.
What were the Moro raids in the early 1700s aimed at?
Capturing slaves, seizing resources, and resisting Spanish expansion.
Who were some of the leaders who resisted Spanish influence during the Moro raids?
Sultan Kudarat and his successors.
What was the Fuerza Real de San Jose?
A stone fort built near the river in the early 1700s to protect Cagayan de Oro from Moro raids, symbolizing Spanish defense strategies.
What was the role of the Fuerza Real de San Jose in Cagayan de Oro’s defense?
It strengthened the city as a military outpost, protected trade routes, and fostered stability, enabling the spread of Christianity.
What was the pre-Spanish economy of Cagayan de Oro like?
It was based on subsistence agriculture, primarily rice cultivation and fishing, practiced by the Higaonon inhabitants.
What agricultural changes occurred during the Spanish era in Cagayan de Oro?
Introduction of cash crops like corn, coffee, and tobacco, and the encomienda system led to large land grants and the rise of haciendas.
How did the Spanish improve Cagayan de Oro’s infrastructure?
They built roads and ports, boosting trade and agricultural transport.
When was Cagayan de Oro recognized as a pueblo under Misamis Province?
In 1818, integrating it into the Spanish administrative system.
What role did gobernadorcillos play in Cagayan de Oro under Spanish rule?
They were responsible for implementing colonial policies.
What Spanish influences remain in Cagayan de Oro today?
Catholic traditions, festivals, and architectural styles, such as the San Agustin Church.
How did nationalist ideas spread to Mindanao in the late 19th Century?
Nationalist ideas inspired by movements in Luzon and Visayas reached Mindanao.
Who were the local leaders advocating for independence from Spanish rule?
Apolinar Velez and Nicolas Capistrano.
What was the impact of the Philippine Revolution (1896–1898) on Cagayan de Oro?
Local communities joined the fight for independence, though resistance in Mindanao was limited by resources and geography.
What did the Treaty of Paris (1898) result in?
Spain ceded the Philippines to the United States, ending Spanish rule and beginning a new colonial period under the U.S.
What was Cagayan de Oro’s experience during World War II?
The city fell under Japanese occupation, and local groups actively resisted, contributing to liberation efforts.
What were the main focuses of post-war reconstruction in Cagayan de Oro?
Rebuilding homes, roads, public facilities, and restoring peace and governance.
How did Cagayan de Oro transform after World War II?
It rapidly urbanized, becoming a regional hub for commerce, culture, education, and governance.
What lasting influences did the Spanish colonial period leave on Cagayan de Oro?
Catholic traditions, festivals, and architecture.
What contributions did the American colonial period make to Cagayan de Oro?
Public education, modern governance systems, and infrastructure.
What did World War II highlight about Cagayan de Oro’s local communities?
The resilience and strength of the local communities in resisting occupation.
