Colonial America and Early Republic - Scholarly Flashcards
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Reasons for exploration
wealth religion expand empires claim territory new faster trade routes to Asia through Northwest Passage.
What did Spain claim and what was built to spread Catholicism?
Spain claimed Florida Texas and California and built missions to spread Catholicism.
Why did France claim land in the New World?
To profit from beaver fur trading.
What was the New England Economy based on?
fishing lumber shipbuilding harbors port cities and trade.
Why did Roger Williams leave Massachusetts?
To escape religious persecution and started religious toleration in Rhode Island.
What was the Southern Colonies Economy based on?
Transatlantic Slave Trade provided slave labor for plantations cash crops and fertile soil leading to a different economy than the North. Jamestown VA was founded for economic reasons.
Who were the Quakers and what was their significance?
The Quakers were the first anti-slavery group lived in Pennsylvania and were led by William Penn.
Why was Maryland founded?
Maryland was founded for Catholics seeking religious freedom.
What were the reasons for the growth of Representative Self Government?
Distance from Britain Pilgrim’s Mayflower Compact social contract Virginia House of Burgesses (1st Legislature) Fundamental Orders of Connecticut Town Halls First Great Awakening and philosophies of John Locke.
What is Mercantilism?
The British controlled colonial trade which angered colonists because they could only trade with the Mother Country England.
What was the Proclamation Line of 1763?
A law that prohibited colonists from moving west of the Appalachian Mountains which angered colonists and they ignored it.
What does ‘consent of the governed’ mean?
The belief that the British should have permission from the colonists to pass taxes which was the main reason for the American Revolution leading to the phrase ‘No Taxation without Representation’.
What were the Intolerable Acts?
British response to the Boston Tea Party which increased tension between colonists and British because it closed the port of Boston until all tea was paid for and colonists were not allowed to meet.
What are Unalienable rights?
Rights that all people have at birth: life liberty and the pursuit of happiness as stated in the Declaration of Independence. Derived from John Locke’s inalienable rights: life liberty and property.
What was the significance of the Battle of Saratoga?
It was the turning point of the American Revolution resulting in France joining with the Patriots.
What was the outcome of the Battle of Yorktown?
It was the last major battle of the American Revolution resulting in British defeat after which Britain signed the Treaty of Paris 1783 recognizing U.S. independence.
What were the Articles of Confederation?
The first government which allowed Congress to negotiate treaties and declare war but had no executive branch or trade regulation making it weak due to fears of abuse of power.
What was the Northwest Ordinance?
A law establishing a way for admitting new states to the U.S. allowing territories to govern themselves requiring 60000 free citizens to apply for statehood.
What was the Great Compromise?
An agreement that decided how many representatives large and small states would send to Congress creating a bicameral legislature.
What was the 3/5 Compromise?
An agreement over how slaves would count for representation and taxation purposes.
Who were the Federalists?
Supporters of the Constitution who believed it created a more stable union. Key figures include Alexander Hamilton and James Madison advocating for a strong central government.
Who were the Antifederalists?
Opponents of the Constitution who believed it gave too much power to the federal government and needed a Bill of Rights to protect individual rights. Key figures included Patrick Henry and George Mason advocating for more power for state governments.
What are Checks and Balances?
A system where each branch of government has some power over the other two branches helping to prevent any one branch from becoming too powerful.
What are Citizen Responsibilities?
Citizens must serve on juries to determine verdicts vote in elections stay informed and obey laws.
What does the 1st Amendment protect?
It protects Freedom of Religion Freedom of Assembly Freedom of Press Freedom to Petition and Freedom of Speech.
What does the 4th Amendment protect against?
It protects against unreasonable searches or seizures.
What does the 6th Amendment guarantee?
It guarantees rights of persons on trial for crimes.
What does the 7th Amendment guarantee?
It guarantees the right to trial by jury in civil cases.
What does the 8th Amendment protect against?
It protects against cruel and unusual punishment and excessive bails and fines.
What does the 10th Amendment state?
Rights not given to the federal government are rights of the states which is related to federalism to prevent abuse of power by the central government.
What were the main components of Hamilton’s Financial Plan?
- Establish a national bank 2. Pay off war debt 3. Pass whiskey tax 4. Implement protective tariff.
What was the Whiskey Rebellion?
A protest over the federal whiskey tax which Washington used domestic force to stop.
What did Washington warn against in his Farewell Address?
He warned against having permanent foreign alliances and the creation of political parties urging the country to stay neutral.
What did the Federalist Party advocate for?
Led by Alexander Hamilton they wanted a stronger federal government an industrial economy a federal national bank and a loose interpretation of the Constitution.
What did the Democratic-Republicans advocate for?
Led by Thomas Jefferson they wanted strong states less federal government an agricultural economy state banks (no federal national bank) and a strict interpretation of the Constitution.
What were the Alien and Sedition Acts?
Laws enacted by John Adams the 2nd President that angered many Americans as they violated the 1st Amendment freedoms of speech and press.
What was the significance of Marbury v. Madison?
It established judicial review giving the Supreme Court the power to declare laws unconstitutional.
What were the causes of the War of 1812?
British impressment of US sailors and suspicion that Britain was encouraging Native American rebellion.
What was the Monroe Doctrine?
Issued by James Monroe it prevented European colonization of land in the Western Hemisphere and stated that any attempt to colonize Latin America would be seen as an act of war.
