colloquim Flashcards
What is included in the hunting law
game breeding programme
game protection programme
game management plan
what is a game breeding programme
a document that regulates breeding, protection and exploitation of game animals at fenced areas
what is game protection programme
a document that regulates protection of game animals at areas where it’s prohibited to establish hunting ground
what is a game management plan
a plan that regulates in detailed management with game species and the hunting ground for a period of 10 years, in accordance with habitat quality and population size of game animals, and the presence of protected species
without it, it’s impossible to hunt
what are the initial actions necessary for creation of GMP
- act on establishment of the hunting ground
- total surface of the hunting ground
- state and privately owned areas in the hunting ground
- climate characteristics
- vegetation characteristics
what is the hunting area
all surfaces at which game animals live and can be hunted
hunting can be divided into:
- management suitable area (hunting productive) where game animals have the conditions to live, breed and raise offspring
- management unsuitable area (hunting nonproductive) where game animals are found but they don’t provide conditions for breeding and rearing
non-management areas
protected parts of nature
orchard and vineyard for intensive production
fenced grazing areas
mined areas and safety zone 100m
roads
what are parts of the GMP
- introduction
- data about hunting ground
- management with game and hunting ground
calculation of management suitable area
a base for determination of the population size of main game species (per hunting unit)
synchronises game management and protection with agriculture and forestry
determination of the habitat quality index
determination of habitat suitability for certain species
represents evaluation of basic factors necessary for survival of the animals
HQI factors for large game species
- food and water
- vegetation
- soil quality
- peace
- general habitat suitability
sustainable game capacity is
number of animals of one species per 100ha of management suitable area that ensures healthy and normally developed animals, in good body condition, which causes tolerable damage on agriculture and forestry
newborn stock is
total number of newborns of certain species per year
annual population growth is
number of newborns that survives first year of life and joins spring stock in the next year
types of hunting ground
lowland
hilly
mountain
mediterranean
without flood (up to 40%)
flooding (over 40% of hunting ground)
what is wildlife management
attempts to balance the needs of wildlife with the needs of people using the best available science
what is game breeding?
it’s the management or control of wildlife for the well being of game and may include killing other animals which share the same niche or predators to maintain a high population of the more profitable speceis
what are the two types of wildlife management>
manipulative management
custodial/conservation management
what is manipulative management
acts on a population, either changing its numbers by direct means or influencing numbers by the indirect means of altering food supply, habitat, density of predators or prevalence of disease
what is custodial/conservation management
- preventive or protective
-aim is to minimise external influences on the population and its habitat - appropriate in national park
management of hunting seasons
open session: when wildlife is allowed to be hunted
limited entry: number of animals take is to be tightly controlled
closed season: when wildlife is protected from hunting and is usually done during breeding season
culling
acts as a strong selection force and can therefore impact the population genetics of a species
hunting license
regulatory or legal mechanism to control hunting
purposes: public safety, regulation and conservation of wild animals and regulation of the transmission of animal-borne diseases
what is article 1
law regulates hunting and game management
management includes breeding, protection, hunting and use of game and its parts
article 2
legally determined animal species that live freely in nature on surfaces intended for management or intensive management and game breeding for hunting and other use
what is the sex ratio
primary/ natural 1:1
secondary 1:1,2 / 1:1.5
tertiary 1:6
game age categories
offspring, yearling, juvenile, middle age, matured, old
matured game
optimal culling age
max/best trophy and body weight period of life
roe deer 6-8yr
red deer 10-14yr
wild boar 6yr
chamois 9yr
age structure according to GMP - wild boar
yearling 1-2 yr
young 3 yr
middle aged 4-5 yr
mature 6yr +
age structure according to GMP - roe deer
yearling 1-2yr
young 3-4 yr
middle age 5-6 yr
mature 7+
male roe deer
young - male during the 3rd and 4th hunting year
middle age - male during the 5th and 6th hunting year
mature - male during the 7th years beyond
how to estimate game stocks?
direct: observation, capture, mortality counting
indirect: traces of presence, continuous, census (estimation of abundance)
types of census
spatial (small and large game) counters close three sides of the square, drivers on the 4th
temporal: specific location over a period of time, repeated at regular intervals
pseudo-sample: counting along transects, foot prints
basic stock/spring stock
abundance of particular game species at the beginning of the hunting year
what is the hunting year
1st April - 31st march
what is breeding stock/parent stock
number of sexually mature game at the beginning of the hunting year
they produce annual population growth
stock of newborn
total number of newborn animals of the particular game species in some hunting ground during ongoing hunting year
annual drop rate
all animals of one game species died by predation, accident, disease, weather, poaching
must be calculated before hunting season of ongoing hunting year
annual population growth
stock of newborn minus annual drop rate
must be determined before shooting season
number of survived newborn of particular game species before hunting season
total stock/fall stock
consist of basic stock and annual population growht
key number to calculate annual hunting bag
annual hunting bag
total number of particular game species that might be culled down during hunting season
what are the types of culling
harvesting: exemption of normally developed and healthy animals from the population
selective: exemption of non perspective animals from the population write offs
sanitary: by quantity, single (exemption of sick or injured individuals), complete or total
reducing: example of excess individual regardless of gender and age
types of hunting ground
private: ground established on land owned by a single person or company (2000ha or more)
joint hunting ground: established on the lands of various owners, who could not establish their own hunting ground under the provisions of this act
state hunting: variant of private hunting ground
enclosed hunting: hunting area of at least 1000 ha, enclosed by natural or artificial obstacles that prevent or significantly reduce the possibility of wildlife leaving the area
game farm: hunting area exceeding 100ha and less than 2,000 ha of its own land. enclosed by a fence or similar structure obstacles that prevent game from leaving the area
hunting ground boundaries
- natural or artificial
- they must be visible
how long is the GMP document for
10 years
what are the breeding measures
nutrition
game protective
measures of technical improvement
culling
and regeneration
what are the type of nets
fixed, active, double, foot snares, cage traps and vehicles
methods of administration of sedative
per os, SC, inhalation, pole syringe (0.5-3m)
blow pipes
plastic/metal, commercial/home made
1-10m/30m, maximum volume 3ml
cheap, easy to handle
injection rifle/dart gun
application of anaesthetics and medicine
powered by gas (compressed O2, CO2) or gunpowder
range up to 75m
what’s the purpose of transporting animals
hunting, rehab, trade, conservation, wildlife conflict
what should transport boxes have
material (plastic, wood, metal) size specific for each species
no sharp edges
heating/cooling, ventilation
camera for monitoring
