Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Nuclear Medicine > COLLOQ 1 > Flashcards

COLLOQ 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is nuclear medicine?

A

Is the application of radionuclides (RN) for the purpose of:
> m. DIAGNOSIS (radionuclide diagnosis RND)
> RADIOTHERPAY (RT)
-metabolic brachytherapy (use of short range radio source to treat tumors)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What radioactivity?

A

spontantenous change of mass, electrical charge or energy of atomic nucleus with the emission of a, b or g emissions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the types of ionising radiation?

A

> direct ionising radiation

> indirect ionising radiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Give examples of direct and indirect ionising radiation?

A

> direct IR - alpha + beta

> indirect IR - gamma + roentgen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a radionuclide?

A

Elements whose nuclei has the ability to decay - emitting ionising/ radioactive rays

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Give examples of RN particulates ?

A

> beta electrons
beta positrons
alpha

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Give examples of RN electromagnetic/ photon rays

A

> gamma rays

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Outline the main elements of radioactive families?

A

> thorium
uranium
actinium
neuptinium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the penetrating ability of alpha, beta and gamma?

A

alpha + beta = short penetration

gamma = deep penetration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is absorbed dose?

A

measure of the energy deposited in matter by ionizing radiation per unit mass

> units: Gray (Gy)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does the biological effect of IR depend on?

A

> DOSE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How does DOSE affect the biological effect of IR?

A

> higher the dose&raquo_space; greater the damage effect on living tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How does IR work in RT (radiotherapy) ?

A

> IR damages DNA of exposed tissues ( cancer + normal cells)&raquo_space; leading to cellular death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the ALARA principle?

A

1) the radiation dose received by P must be ALARA
As Low As possible/ Reasonably Achievable

2) the ratio of risk vs benefit should be kept ALARA
As Low As possible/ Reasonably Achievable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Outline the uses of electromagnetic rays and particulate rays?

A

> electromagnetic rays (Y)

  • long range
  • deep penetration
  • detected outside body
  • low energy
  • low dose
  • RND radio nuclear diagnosis

> particulate rays (a + b)

  • short range
  • short penetration
  • not detected outside body
  • so not useful for RND
  • high dose
  • RT (metabolic brachytherapy)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the RN emission for Iodine 131?

A

> both Y and b-
Y = RND
b- = RT

17
Q

What is the RN emission for Technetium (Tc) 99?

A

> pure Y emission

> for RND

18
Q

What is the RN emission for Fluorine 18 + Gallium 68?

A

> b positron
pairs of annihilation Y photons
PET scans (Positron emission tomography)

19
Q

Define pharmaceuticals?

A

chemical compounds with selective accumulations/ uptake by certain organs/ tissues

20
Q

What specific compounds are used for bone metabolism and thyroid metabolism?

A

> bone - phosphates

> thyroid - iodine

21
Q

Outline Radiopharmaceuticals (RPh) for bone specific?

A

> Ca-P metabolism
accumulate in bones
Tc 99 -Phosphate compounds

22
Q

Outline RPh for Thyroid specific?

A

> thyroid hormone production
Ionine (NaI)
99 Tc-eluate

23
Q

Outline RPh for tumor specific ?

A

> accumulate in malignant tumors
99 Tc -MIBI
18 F -FDG

24
Q

How does NM diagnostic devices work?

A

> Y rays emitted by RN incorporated in RPh

> detected from outside body by NM diagnostic devices

25
Q

How does gamma cameras (SPET) work? What does SPET stand for?

A

SPET:
Single photon emission tomography

> detects single Y rays from Y emitting RPh (99Tc)

26
Q

How does PET scan work?

What does PET stand for?

A

PET:
Position emission tomography

> pairs of annihilation Y rays from p+ emitting RPh (18F)

(PET) = allows Dr to check for diseases body > scan uses special dye containing radioactive tracers > tracers either swallowed, inhaled, or injected into vein

27
Q

How is TH stored in TG?

A

stored in TG as thyroglobulin molecules

28
Q

What is the regulatory control of thyroid gland?

A

Hypothalamic Pituitary Thyroid axis

29
Q

Explain how the hypothalamic pituitary thyroid axis works?

A

> hypothalamus - TRH
pituitary - TSH
thyroid - T3 + T4

30
Q

Which hormone stimulates secretion of T3 + T4?

A

thyroid stimulating hormone

31
Q

Explain how thyroid hormones and TSH work as negative feedback?

A

> high T3 + T4 suppresses TSH secretion to maintain negative feedback loop

32
Q

What happens to TSH in hyperthyroidism?

A

TSH is suppressed

33
Q

Explain how RND is used in thyroid gland examination?

A

> Radioactive Iodine (NaI) used

> > thyroid function ( measures uptake of RPh)

> > thyroid anatomy (place, form, size, morphology)

** first used RN = 131 Iodine

34
Q

What is thyroid scinthygraphy and why is it used?

A

> IMAGING: produces a visual display of thyroid based on uptake of radionuclides eg RN Iodine (NaI)

> quantitative assessment: uptake measure of RPh by TG

35
Q

Outline characteristics of Iodine 131?

A 
> beta emission 
> gamma emission 
> short half life
> limited application = DTC only 
Differentiated Thyroid Cancer P only

Nuclear Medicine (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions