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collision of cultures Flashcards

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1
Q

when may have the first people come to America

A

40,000 years ago

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2
Q

Migrants from Asia may of crossed a land bridge from where

A

Siberia and Alaska (bering strait)

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3
Q

who where the first Europeans to explore America

A

Spanish, Portuguese, English, French, and Dutch

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4
Q

what is the estiment of people living in North America during 15 and 16th century

A

30 to 100 million people

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5
Q

What was the main food source of the settlements

A

hunting/ gathering, fishing, farming

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6
Q

What were the Anasazi known for?

A

villages along high cliffs in southwest

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7
Q

very nomadic tribes

A

great plains

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8
Q

what were the Great Plains know for

A

Sioux and pawnee followed buffalo

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9
Q

what were the natives tied to

A

the importance of nature (animist)

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10
Q

what were the Natives different mechanisms

A

clans, tribes, nations, confederacies

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11
Q

how many people lived in semi permanent settlements

A

300 people each

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12
Q

semi settlements were a

A

self governing communities

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13
Q

What was the role of men in settlements

A

hunting and tool making

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14
Q

what was the role of women in settlements

A

farming and child care

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15
Q

What were Mississippians known for

A

woodlands east of Mississippi River, small self governing tribes

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16
Q

Nez Perce

A

men exercised political authority

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17
Q

large tribes with complex cultures

A

Pueblo and Iroquois

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18
Q

the Pueblo was know for

A

multistoried buildings and irrigation

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19
Q

The Iroquios were know for

A

political confederacy resisted europeans and often had conflicts with neighboring Native groups

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20
Q

Natives had no common

A

language or culture

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21
Q

What did Natives not see themselves as

A

belonging to a single civilization

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22
Q

What did Natives find important

A

no individual ownership, just usage

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23
Q

what dose matrilineal means

A

political leaders may be male, but they were picked by women

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24
Q

Natives were more elaborate than South American becuase

A

They started to from conferrations when there populations was diminishing

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25
Q

Population of South America

A

around 25 million

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26
Q

what are the south americas developed what complex civilizations

A

empires, extensive trade, cities, calendars, highly organized societies

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27
Q

Where are the Mayas located

A

rainforest of Yucatán peninsula

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28
Q

Where were the Aztecs located

A

Central Mexico (capital Tenochtitlan)

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29
Q

Where were the Incas located

A

Peru

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30
Q

What was during the 1500 exploration

A

population growth, religious missions, united governments, desire trade

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31
Q

What were the vikings

A

(AD 1000) first explores, Greenland and America, few records

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32
Q

What was the renaissance

A

rebirth of classical learning and artistic and scientific discovery

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33
Q

When was the Renaissance most prominent

A

14th-17th were the height of the renaissance

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34
Q

Who increased the scientific and technological change

A

Copernicus, Galilio, Newton

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35
Q

Where did gunpowder come from

A

The Chinese

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36
Q

What were some major improvements in the renaissance

A

shipbuilding (caravel), navigation(compass and astrolabe) and mapmaking

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37
Q

When did they start using Gutenberg’s pricing press more

A

1450

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38
Q

The marriage of queen Isabelle(Castille) and King Ferdinand (Aragon) did what

A

United Spain

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39
Q

What was the Protestant Reformation

A

It resulted in religious wars between protestants and Catholics and end of religious unity, strengthened civil authority and encouragement of education so people can read the Bible

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40
Q

What did Martin Luther (b 1483) do?

A

95 Thesis in 1517, protested sale of indulgnces

41
Q

What did John Calvin ( b 1509) do?

A

Institute’s on the Christian religion, simple worship practices, severity of god

42
Q

John Konx (b 1505)

A

took Calvinism to Scotland

43
Q

What was Henry VIII known for

A

English Reformation, divorced his wife Catherine to re-marry. He run for political reason not religious reasons

44
Q

What was Elizabeth I know for

A

Began the church of england(Anglicans)

45
Q

When did the expansion of trades happpen

A

During Crusades

46
Q

What were the tales of Marco Polo

A

Traveled the court of Kublai Khan in China (1271-95)

47
Q

What did the Ottomans seized and Blocked

A

They blocked the land route and seized control of Constantinople in 1453 which resulted in search for water routes

48
Q

What did the Portuguese do first

A

They were to first to launch long oceans voyages of exploration

49
Q

Who was prince Henry the navigator

A

financed series of voyages that went round Africa’s cape of good hope (tales of gold trade)

50
Q

What did Vaso Da Gama do (1498 Portuguese )

A

First European to reach India

51
Q

What did Columbus do (1492 Spain)

A

Already said west to America

52
Q

What was the development of nation-states

A

monarchs gaining power and unifying there countries

53
Q

What did nation-sates such as Spain, Portugal, France, England and the Netherlands depend on

A

Trade to bring in revenues

54
Q

What did Thomas Hobbes support in his writings

A

Divine right (absolutism)

55
Q

What is divine right (absolutism)

A

King is ruled by god authority as his early representative, Obedience to the king is obedience to god, the king can do no wrong

56
Q

What is the period for the early history of humans In America

A

Archaic period

57
Q

What is the Olmec

A

First truly complex society in America

58
Q

Who had Maize/Corn

A

Mayan and Aztecs

59
Q

Who had potatoes

A

The Incas

60
Q

Some complex Societies in North America did what

A

disappeared before Columbus arrived (reasons unknown)

61
Q

What hindered Natives Americans response to europeans colonist

A

political and linguistics

62
Q

What are some southwest settlements

A

Dry region, Hokoam and Anasazi and Pueblo

63
Q

Pacific coast natives (California to Alaska) where known as

A

Chinook

64
Q

Chinook housing were known as

A

Permanent dwellings (long houses and plank houses)

65
Q

Chinook diet includes

A

Rich diets (salmon fishing, hunting, nuts and Berrys

66
Q

What was one way the Chinook perceived history

A

carving totem poles to preserve stories, legends myths

67
Q

Great Plains natives were mostly what?

A

Sedentary people who framed and traded

68
Q

What did the Great Plains natives live in

A

Teepees and earth lodges

69
Q

What did the great plains natives raised

A

Corn, beans, and squash

70
Q

The Great Plains natives did not have what until 17th century

A

Horses (from the Spanish)

71
Q

Sioux and the pawnee became what

A

Skilled horsemen and moved from farming to hunting

72
Q

The Apache migrated from where

A

From Canada to Texas (tribes often split apart)

73
Q

Mississippians prospered what

A

Most abundant food supply

74
Q

Adena-Hopewell (Ohio) culture

A

Famous for earthen mounds sometimes 300 feet long

75
Q

Cahokia (St. Louis)

A

One of the largest trading centers with more than 300,000 inhabitants

76
Q

Who were the descendants of Adena - Hopewell culture

A

Algonquin and Huron tribes

77
Q

What did the Adena Hopewell descendants do?

A

Spread from the Ohio valley to New York fishing but quickly exploited the land and moved on

78
Q

Pre-columbian tribes east of the Mississippi river had what

A

a common language and common linguistic roots

79
Q

What was the Iroquois confederation

A

Five tribes in Mohawk valley of New York, Seneca, Cayuga, Onodaga, Mohawk

80
Q

Northeast natives lived in what

A

multiple families lived in longhouses up to 200 feet long

81
Q

The most powerful and important natives did what

A

They battled rival natives and europeans

82
Q

People on the coastal plains were descendants of what

A

Woodland mount builders (Powhatan in Virgina)

83
Q

Southwest Natives include

A

Atlantic Ocean to trinity river (Texas) And from the Gulf of Mexico to modern day Missouri, Kentucky and West Virginia

84
Q

Southwest tribes includes

A

Cherokee, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Creek and seminole

85
Q

What was Reconquista

A

Defeat of the Moors, New leadership and powers for Catholics within Spain

86
Q

Who was prince Henry the navigator

A

Financed a series of voyages around Africa

87
Q

Motives for europeans expansion were

A

Wealth, Religious persecution, missionary work, search for new “Utopia”

88
Q

What is “ Line of Demarcation”

A

The pope Drew line and divided the non-christian world not two parts (east for Portugal and west for Spain)

89
Q

What resulted in the Treaty of Tordesillas

A

Portugal had a stronger Navy and line favored Spain

90
Q

How was The treaty of Lordssillas lined

A

Portuguese had Brazil and the Spanish had Latin America

91
Q

How did other colonizing nations feel about the treaty of Lordsillas

A

They ignored it

92
Q

What are the Spanish claims

A

Goal was to dominate exploration of the new world in 16th century

93
Q

Who did the Spanish try to conquer

A

Spanish monarchs used armies led by powerful Spanish adventures

94
Q

What are conquistadors

A

Spanish conquerors who were looking for wealth

95
Q

Why did the Spanish want to conquer

A

They wanted to show there supremacy over Portugal as a seafaring nation and to spread Christianity

96
Q

What did the Spanish exhibited

A

Both Bravery and brutality ( God, glory, and gold)

97
Q

What did the Spanish bring to the mainlands

A

The brought firearms, armor, horses, cows and diseases

98
Q

Who is Vasco Nunez e Balboa

A

corssed the isthmus of Panama and was the first European to see the pacific ocean

99
Q

Who was Ferdinand Magellan

A

sailed around America and crossed the Pacific

History (1 decks)

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