College Psychology Prolouge And Cahpter 1

Question 1

Behaviorism

Answer 1

The view that psychology (1) should be an objective science that (2) studies behavior without reference to mental process

Question 2

Humanistic Psychology

Answer 2

Historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people and the individual’s potential for personal growth

Question 3

Psychology

Answer 3

The science of behavior and mental processes

Question 4

Nature-Nurture Issue

Answer 4

The longstanding controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experience make to the development of psychological traits and behaviors. Today’s science sees traits and behaviors arising from the interaction of nature and nurture

Question 5

Applied Research

Answer 5

Scientific study that aims to solve practical problems

Question 6

Counseling Psychology

Answer 6

A branch of psychology that assists people with problems in living often related to school, work, or marriage, and in achieving a greater well-being

Question 7

Clinical Psychology

Answer 7

A branch of psychology that studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders

Question 8

Psychiatry

Answer 8

A branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders; practiced by physicians who sometimes provide medical treatments as well as psychological therapy

Question 9

Replication

Answer 9

Repeating the essence of a research study, usually with different situations, to see weather the basic finding extends to other participants and circumstances

Question 10

Case Study

Answer 10

An observation technique in which one person is studied in depth in hope of revealing universal principles

Question 11

Population

Answer 11

All the cases in a group being studied, from which samples may be drawn.

Question 12

Random Sample

Answer 12

A sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inculusion

Question 13

Correlation

Answer 13

A measure of the extent to which two factors vary together, and thus of how well either factor predicts the other

Question 14

Random Assignment

Answer 14

Assigning participants to experimental and control groups by chance, thus minimizing, pre-existing differences between those assigned to different groups

Question 15

Double-Blind Procedure

Answer 15

An experimental procedure in which both the research participants and the research staff are ignorant (blind) about weather the research participants have received the treatment or a placebo. Commonly used in drug-evaluation studies.

Question 16

Placebo Effect

Answer 16

Experimental results caused by expectations alone; any effect on behavior caused by the administration of an inert substance or condition, which the recipient assumes is an active agent

Question 17

Experimental Group

Answer 17

In an experiment, the group that is exposed to the treatment, that is, to one version of the independent variable

Question 18

Control Group

Answer 18

In an experiment the group that is not exposed to the treatment; contrasts with the experimental group and serves as a comparison for evaluating the effects of the treatment

Question 19

Independent Variable

Answer 19

The experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied

Question 20

Dependent Variable

Answer 20

The outcome factor; the Variable that may change in response to manipulation at the independent Variable