college bio Flashcards
Macro-evolution
Large scale evolutionary changes, including the emergence of new species
micro evolution
small genetic changes within a population over time
natural selection
process by which organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and reproduce
gene flow
transfer of alleles from one population to another
genetic drift
random changes in allele frequencies especially in smaller populatios
founder effect
a small group starts a new population leading to reduced genetic variation
bottleneck effect
a sudden reduction in population size due to environmental effects
hardy weinberg equilibrium
a condition describing a non evovling population
allele frequency
how often an allele appears in a population
reproductive isolation
when populations can no longer breed and produce fertile offspring
behavioral isolation
when mating behaviors prevent interbreeding
reduced hybrid viability
when hybrid offspring do not develop properly or die early
hybrid sterility
when hybrid offspring are not sterile and cant reproduce
RNA world hypothesis
hypothesis that rna was the first genetic material
miller urey
simulated earth conditions to show how organic material can form spontaneously
directional selection
one extreme end
disruptive selection
both extreme ends
stabilizing selection
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sexual selection
a process which inidividuals wiith certain heritable traits are more likely to obtain mates
intrasexual selection
direct competition among individuals of one sex (often males) for mates of the opposite sex
intersexual selection
occurs when one individual specifically females are picky when choosing a mate
