College 1: introduction

Question 1

-Thee forms of capital and definition of SC

Bourdieu (1986)

Answer 1

1. Economic capital
2. Cultural captal.
3. Social capital.
   ‘Sum of mobilizable network connections PER INDIVIDUAL!!, each of those network connections have their own economic and cultural capital (not just about the network itself, also about the quality and durability of the relationships)

Question 2

Definitions and more

Coleman (1988)

Answer 2

Definition of SC: Social capital consist of social relations/networks that can be characterized as a public good/social resource -> this is collective and not individual like physical and human capital.
- defined by its function…
- unlike financial, physical, and human capital, social capital is a public good.

Question 3

Coleman (1988) rational action paradigm:

Answer 3

1. People their behaviour is governed by social norms, rules, and obligations, and thus solely the outcome of
   socialization by the social context.
2. On the other hand, there is the economic stream of thought that the behavior of people
   is the result of individual actions, independent and self-interested, with the goal to
   maximizing utility.

Question 4

What are the three types of social capital by Coleman (1988)

Answer 4

1. obligations (reciprocal expectations and trustworthiness of networks)
2. information channels( via social relations in networks)
3. social norms (for the sake of the collective rather than individual)

Question 4

Why do Closed networks produce more social capital according to Coleman (1988)?

Answer 4

In a closed network, individuals have less power over social norms than in open networks. Because the actors in the network have more relations with other actors in the network than in an open network.

Question 5

Definition of social capital

Putnam (2000)

Answer 5

“whereas physical and human capital refers to properties of individuals. Social capital refers to the connections among individuals - social networks. and** the norms of reciprocity** and trustworthiness that arise from them.”

Question 6

Portes (2000)

Answer 6

1. Individuals source of social control, a source of family mediated benefits and a source of resources mediated by nonfamily networks.
2. As a property of collectivities (early Putnam)
   2a. Contradictions between social capital at the individual level and social capital at the collective level
   2b. The cause and effect of social capital as an individual and collective property are not distinguished

Question 7

Pichler & Wallace (2007) / Gesthuizen et al. (2009):

What is formal and informal social capital?

Answer 7

• Formal: participation in formally constituted organizations and activities (Putnam)
• Informal: (investments in) social relationships with family, friends, neighbours, colleagues with expected returns (Bourdieu, Coleman)