College 1 + 2 Flashcards
All concepts and ideas from week 1
What makes example 1 land-use change? And what makes it less good?
Example 1 :
Very local scale (Neighbourhood)
Recent changes (2001-2018)
Around Vu: zuidas
Photos from main building
Time series of location- specific observations
Intensive urban development, sudden stop and restart
More data is needed to understand and quanify this anecdotal evidence
Consistent set of photos are rare ()
What makes example 2 Landuse change? And what critique do you have?
Local scale (city)
Longer period (1850-2000)
Amsterdam
Bag, topographical maps and elevation data
Classic example urban planning
Smart combination of spatially explicit but essentially static data (urban exapnsion and intensification)
Reasonable quantitative
Limited thematic detail
Inaccuracy and uncertainty remain
Lot of work in data collection and preparation
What makes example 3 land-use change?
Regional scale
Equally long period (1850-1980)
Province of Noord-Holland
Digitized historic map
- Time series of spatial- explicit data sets shows local developments: urbanisation, land reclamation and nature development
- Offers possibility for quantitative spatial analysis
- Distinguishes 10 landuse types
- Laborious to obtain
What makes example 4 landuse change?
National scale
Long period (1900-2010)
Aggregate data : not spatially ecplicit
Statistical data
- Time series of aggregate statistics offers possibility to quantify most important spatial processes: rise and fall of agriculture, urbanistaion, decline in nature
- Around 15 types of landuse
- High temporal resolution
- No spatial information
- Many methodological inconsistencies
What makes example 5 landuse change?
Global scale
Yet even longer period
Covering full glove at 5 min resolution
Model- based reconstruction of cropland coverage using various data sources
- Rare example of an extremely long time series
- Focus on single type of conversion: agricultural intensification
- Extremely interesting for analysis of global change
- Coarse resolution
- Many interpolation and interpretation issues
What is the difference between land cover and use?
- Land cover van be observed
- Land use referd to the actual use the land is put
- However for convenience we use land use referring to both cover and use
Name at least 4 ways Land-use is used (8):
- Habitat loss
- Loss of agricultural land, soil degradation, erosion and hydrological conditions
- Health- mosquitos
- Climate change
- Roddiman hypotesis- people in old times burned much forest = inefficient
- Global models of landuse and climate change
- Urbanistation
- Demograpics
With which tools can you use in GIS for land use analysis?
GIS can be used to visualize and analyze spatial information through:
- Selection
- Transformation
- Aggregation
- Combination
What does selection do?
Highlights certain feature in a data layer following a spatial query
What does transformation do?
Enhances certain features in a data layer through:
Classification
Filtering
What does aggregation do?
Reduces map info to a single value:
Spatial and non- spatial indices
What does combination do?
Compares different data sets in a structured way
What does combination do applied to land-use data?
Name 3 ways.
- Comparing data set with another data set (study development over time)
- Comparing data set with a “truth” data set (validation)
- Comparing a data set with a theoretical data set (test assumed relations)
Could you name some examples of basic data sets?
- Satellite imagery and aerial photography
- Topographic maps
- Census or survey data (statistical)
- Other thematic maps (cadastral)
Could you name some examples of data sets specific for land-use?
- LGN (NL)
- CBS soil statistics (NL)
- Corine Land Cover (europe)
- Globvoer or ghsl (world)
What are some data quality issues?
- Data quality depends on applied methodology:
Data acquisition
Interpretation
Analysis
- Involves human judgement (definiton of classes, but also classification subjective to context)
What are some data quality aspects?
- Spatial resolution (scale) (vb raster)
- Thematic resolution (landuse- types)
- Temporal resolution (time steps)
- Geometric accuracy (projections)
What are the advantages and disadvantages of the FAOSTAT data set?
Advantages:
- standard software
- simple and fast
Disadvantages:
- not spatially explicit
- no information on transitions
How is the change calculated with grid cells?
10 * valueyear1 + value year2= value transition
What are the advantages and disadvantages of a transition analysis?
Advantages:
- shows spatial explicit changes
- describes actual transition between types of use
Disadvantages:
- Gis knowledge and software needed
- data intensive
Could you name the main conclusions about restrictive spatial planning in the Netherlands?
- About 100km2/yr in 1995-2004 is claimed by urbanization and nature development
- Randstad urbanizes most quickly
- Spatial restrictions (partly) successful in preserving open space
- Local exceptions follow compact city policies
- Uncertain whether other policies work equally well
- Matrix analysis powerful tool to analyze local landuse change
- Limited data availability limits this type of analysis
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