Collective security

Question 1

collective security

Answer 1

A system in which a group of nations acts as one to preserve the peace of all

Question 2

economic sanctions

Answer 2

Boycotts, embargoes, and other measures that one country uses to pressure another country into changing its policies.

Question 3

club for capitalists

Answer 3

the League of Nation’s exclusion of USSR

Question 4

victors club

Answer 4

the League of Nation’s exclusion of Germany

Question 5

Corfu Incident 1923

Answer 5

Failure: Mussolini orders Greece to compensate when it has boundary dispute. Greece refuses, Italy invades, Greece asks League to intervene, Italy ignores League.

Question 6

Mosul 1924

Answer 6

Success: Turks wanted this city in Iraq. League of Nations supported Iraq and Turkey agreed

Question 7

Upper Silesia 1921

Answer 7

Success: Germany and Poland both want control of industrial area. League splits the area between the two.

Question 8

Bulgaria 1925

Answer 8

Success: League orders a stop to fighting, investigates, orders Greece to pay for damages. Greece pays.

Question 9

Ruhr Crisis 1922-1923

Answer 9

Failure: Germany asked for reparations to be suspended. France takes matters into own hands, invades the Valley to collect reparations “in Kind.” (coal/iron). Leads to Germany printing money causing hyperinflation in order to get back at France by paying German workers to strike.

Question 10

Dawes Plan

Answer 10

Success: Helped address Ruhr crisis & revive the German economy, the United States loans Germany money which then can pay reparations to England and France, who can then pay back their loans from the U.S

Question 11

Rapallo Treaty 1922

Answer 11

Success: German and Russia pledged economic and military cooperation. This made Britain more willing to compromise with Germany for fear of driving Germany into a closer relationship with the Russia.

Question 12

Locarno Conference (1925)

Answer 12

Success: Germany accepted her western borders. Poland, Czech, Germany agree to use arbitration to change borders. Germany admitted to League of Nations…former enemies working together.

Question 13

Young Plan 1929

Answer 13

Success: Scaled down the German reparations bill, set date for payment completion, continued U.S. loans to Germany. Britain & France end occupation of Rhineland.

Question 14

Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928)

Answer 14

Success: 62 nations renounce “war as an instrument of national policy”….they would pursue their objectives through peaceful means.

Question 15

Treaty of Mutual Assistance & Geneva Protocol 1924

Answer 15

Failure: would have required all members of League to come to assistance of victim of aggression & have arbitration lead all disputes. Rejected by countries that didn’t want to commit territorial assistance.

Question 16

Great Depression

Answer 16

Failure: poverty leads to rise of extremist groups (right and left), governments blamed, fear of USSR communist spread, League could not use sanctions, isolationism, protectionism, old style diplomacy, alliances/agreements outside of the League.

Question 17

Manchurian Crisis 1932

Answer 17

Failure: After Japan attacked China, China appealed to League for assistance against aggressor. League ordered Japan’s withdrawl, investigated crisis, found Japan guilty, but US/Br/Fr preoccupied…no sanctions or military confrontation…and Japan leaves League.

Question 18

Abyssinian Crisis 1935

Answer 18

Failure: Italy invades the country between its two African colonies. Country appeals to League. League condemns & places weak sanctions on Italy. Italy ignores League & makes side deal with Britain & France. “Final nail in the coffin” for League.

Question 19

The Washington Conference 1921-22

Answer 19

Success: Five powers: US, Jap, Br, Fr, It agree to reduce navies. Four powers: US, Jap, Br, Fr agree to help defend territories in Asia. Nine powers: “open door” in China

Failure: Ger., Rus left out

Question 20

London Naval Treaty 1936

Answer 20

Failure: This was an attempt to limit the growth of navies. Japan refused to accept limits on its naval tonnage and walked out of the conference. The Italians also left. The British, Americans and French signed an agreement, but it was a bit meaningless as long as Germany and Japan were rearming. This took place outside of the League.