Collection Of Data Flashcards
Define: Raw Data
Data before it is ordered, grouped or rounded
Define: Quantitative Data
Data to do with numbers e.g. age or exam score
Define: Qualitative Data
Data that is non-numerical e.g. eye colour or gender
Define: Continuous Data
Any value e.g. 2.1735… or 5.05168… e.g. length or height
Define: Discrete Data
Only particular values e.g. 2 or 5.5 e.g. shoe size or amount of kids
Define: Categorical Data
Non-overlapping categories e.g. gender or year group
Define: Ordinal Data
Otherwise known as Ranked Data e.g. test scores
Define: Bivariate Data
Pairs of data that is related e.g height and weight
Define: Multivariate Data
Sets of 3 or more related data e.g. plant colour, leaf colour and plant height
Define: Primary Data
Data you collect yourself
Define: Secondary Data
Data that someone else has collected, found online or elsewhere
Capture-recapture - Twenty birds in a large aviary are caught and tagged. They are then returned to the aviary. Later forty birds are caught and two are found to have tags. Estimate the number of birds in the aviary.
20 - amount with tags
n - whole population
1st Capture - 20/n
2nd Capture - 2/40
20 / 2 = 10
40 x 10 = 400
n = 400
Define: Random Sampling
Everyone has an equal chance
How do you use Random Sampling?
Number each person or thing a different number and use a random number generator until you get the amount of people you need. (no repeats of numbers)
Define: Judgement Sampling
Use your judgement to select a sample that is representative of your population e.g. 10% or 15%
Define: Opportunity Sampling
First things that are available at the time e.g. first 15 people who pass you
Define: Cluster Sampling
When data naturally breaks into groups e.g. countries. Then you randomly select groups
Define: Systematic Sampling
When you choose every 10 or 15 ext objects/people
Define: Quota Sampling
When the population is grouped by characteristics like age or gender and a quota (number) of people/objects are chosen to be investigated.
What are Laboratory Experiments?
When the whole thing is set up and controlled (fake)
What type of data are Laboratory Experiments?
Primary Data
What are Advantages of Laboratory Experiments?
Easy to replicate
What are Disadvantages of Laboratory Experiments?
People act differently when being watched
What are Field Experiments?
Less fake, only certain things are controlled
Where do Field Experiments take place?
Everyday environments
What are advantages of Field Experiments?
More like real life
What are disadvantages of Field Experiments?
Unethical, might not have permission
What are Natural Experiments?
100% true, nothing is set up
What are Advantages of Natural Experiments?
More like real life
What are Disadvantages of Natural Experiments?
Harder to replicate and no control
Random Response Method - Have you ever lied about your age?
Flip a coin:
- If Heads, put Yes
- If Tails, answer honestly
300 answered Yes
200 answered No
Heads = 50%
Tails = 50%
300 + 200 = 500
500 x 0.5 = 250
300 - 250 = 50
50/200 = 5/25 = 20/100 = 20%
20%
When and why do we use the Random Response Method?
When it is a sensitive topic or a topic that can easily get someone in trouble, e.g. speeding or how much your paid
What are Extraneous Variables?
Variables that you aren’t interested in however could affect your result e.g. the age of people when checking how good their eyesight is
