Collecting and Connoisuership Flashcards
Belvedere Palace
1776
- Viennese Royal Collection moved here
- works organized by school, then category by Christian Von Mechel
- No labels- walk through history
The Louvre
1792
- Works organized by importance
- Kings collection nationalized (after revolution)
- open to public 3 days a week, no weekends
Dulwich Picture Gallery, London
1811-1817
- no previous uses, built just to be a museum
- combo of natural and artificial light
Glyptothek, Munich
1816-1830
- greek and roman sculpture
- greek façade
- small building
Altes Museum, Berlin
1825-1828
- larger than Glyptothek
- Classical facade
National Gallery, London
1832-1838
- not the royal collection
- funded by bill in Parliament to buy collection of 38 works
Colonial and Federal periods
- very few identifiable collectors
- use inventories and export records to get sense of collections
Thomas Jefferson
1771- designs plan for art gallery at Monticello
- has wish list
- 50 works, all copies
- works included 4 paintings of “the thinkers”
- advised by Dr. John Morgan of Philly to do Grand Tour
Centennial Exhibition
1876-breakthrough exhibition, introduces demand for new works in the states
Hudson Fulton Exhibition
1909 at MMA
celebrates 100+ years of exploration and development of Hudson and inventor of steam ship (fulton)
-used period settings
-over 180,000 visitors
-allowed met to acquire Bolles collection
Hart Room
acquired 1936 by MMA from Ipswich Mass
John Hewlett House, NY
acquired by MMA in 1910
Oak Hill, Boston/Salem
MFA
3 ways of collecting
- obtain piece from each date/period and each region
- only collect historically significant pieces
- collect ensembles-things that go together in a room
Natalie Blair
1887-1951
studies bolles collection at Met to start her own collection
Alphonso T. Clearwater
1848-1951
mostly silver
sends new acquistions straight to Met (Where collection is), hoped to inspire craftsmen
Isaac Royal
1739- inventory of his estate
Isaac Smith and Elizabeth Storer
portraits and silver
George Palmer
collected high style, Philly works- in Met
Martha Codman Collection
given to MFA Boston
colonial period stuff NOT from Boston
Husband collected paintings not from Boston
C.W. Peale 1779
commissioned to paint GW, starting point of his career, goes on to paint more great men
C.W. Peale 1784
displays great men portraits in his Philly home, soon adds landscapes and curiosities
- adds skylight to home for natural light
- 25 cent admission, open to public
C.W. Peale 1794
moves collection to Philosophical Hall, advertises that science and virtue go hand in hand
C.W. PEale 1801
exhumes Mastodon (painting 1806)
C.W. Peale 1802
Exhibits Mastadon bones at Philadelphia hall for 50 cents
Moves rest of collection to Phila State House-charges 25 cents, has published guidebook
Peale 1821
state lets him incorporate- board of trustees and staff of science lecturers
Rembrandt Peale 1814
Baltimore Museum built by Richard Carey Long first space in US built to be a museum 3rd story studio space given to bro Rubeuns-closes in 1830-content dispersed
Benjamin West
1820-sons open gallery in London, including Death on a Pale Horse
-try to get us gov’t to buy but they won’t
Yale
in exchange for paintings they give trumbull $1,000/yr
- 1832-open gallery to display works
- Neoclassical building with skylight, 2 rooms on upper floor one for trumbull paintings and one for other paintings
- trumbull and wife buried under gallery
Wadsworth Antheneum
1844- opened to public, first public art museum
- gothic revival building
- large collection of trumbull paingings
- works meant to define what was important to America
New York Historical Society
1804-founded no art, 1809 acquired art by donation
1858- luman reed collection
1857-permanent building- Italian looking
American Academy of Fine Arts
1802-1830
founded as place for artists, soon turned into a museum
had casts from louve
Trumbull became president and it went downhill
-Daniel Wadsworth acquires works upon closing (wadsworth athaneum )
National Academy
1863- new building gothic revival style (no permanent home for first 40 years)
Harper’s Weekly 1859
publishes articles describing collections in NY and calling for them to be made public, thinks American collectors won’t keep art for more than 2 generations
Union League Club
1869- first committee to establish met, 27 members including artists, no collection to start with
Metropolitan Fair in Aid of the US Sanitary Commission
1864- union square
precursor to met
features Washington crossing the delaware
John Taylor Johnston
1st president of Met- collects French Painters and JMW Turner’s Slave Ship
Dodworth Building
first home of met in 1872 on 5th ave
William Boget
1st VP of Met, goes to Europe and buys paintings
first Met Exhibition
1872 in Dodsworth building
- only high style attendees
- included catalogue
- heavy influence of dutch and Flemish paintings
- 174 works
- not great works, but what was available
Met 1771-72
given 1million by city to build and space in park
met 1880
first building opened-ruscinian gothic- modeled after south Kensington museum in london
Luigi Pala di Cesnola
1st director of met, archeologist, sells things he discovers to met
Henry Marquand
2nd director of met, buys European REnaissance and Dutch paintings for met
Met 1888
Richard Morris Hunt designs 5th ave façade, adds skylight
May 31, 1891
1st sunday Met is open, 12,000 people come
early met admission
admission must be free 4 days a month and holidays
Met starts vetting gifts
1905
J.P.Morgan
President of Board of Met, has huge collection, can’t afford it when he dies-son sells a lot to Frick but Met has some dec arts stuff
Met 1905 ANnual report of the trustees
state they will not buy American Art but will take donations
George Hearn
gives collection of paintings and 150,000 to met in 1906 to buy American works
Boston Athenaeum
originally not open to the public, founded as a philosophical society
James Perkins
1827- gives house to Boston athenaeum, allow them to build gallery and lecture hall
Washington Allston, A Landscape After Sunset, 1819
Boston painter, included in 1st annual exhibition at Boston athaneum, 25 cent admission but open to public–the funds from these shows allowed them to acquire works
Boston Athaneum 1849
builds new building- Italian motifs, skylights, quickly overcrowded
Colonel Timothy Bigelow Lawrence
1869 bequeaths armor collection to boston athaneum and wife pledges 25,000 if they can come up with 75,000 for new building
Charles Perkins
writes new mission statement for boston athenaeum, publishes it in the journal of social science, large connection with science and American industrial production
Martin Brimmer
1st president of BA, stays for 25 years
BA Model
South Kensington Museum, London
Copley Square
MFA granted land there by city of Boston, must be built in 3 years and valued at $100,000 (takes 6 years)
-has to be open to public free 4 days per month
MFA has objects…
…but no money!!
Washington Allston, Elijiah in the Desert, 1818
gift to MFA
architect for mfa Copley square
Sturgis and brigham
gothic style (similar to Met built 4 yrs later)
opens 1876
similar to south kensington
MFA ground floor
sculptures
Thomas Crawford, Orpheus and Cerberus
Giulio Monteverde, The Young Colombus
Seated Sekhmet, Egyptian, New Kingdom
mfa paying days
43/day 5,551/year
mfa free days
33,000/year, after 1 year opens sundays as free day in addition to Saturday
Edward Sylvester Morse
scientist who becomes Japanese Pottery collector-given to MFA in 1802
Ernest Fenollosa
1st curator of Japanese art at mfa- not trained as Asian art expert but taught in japan
Boston Back Bay 1809
New MFA opens in more upscale neighborhood making it more exclusive, looks like Met
William Morris Hunt
served as art advisor to Bostonians, friends with Barbizon painters, therefore Bostonians bought French Art
Corcoran Gallery
Washington D.C. 1869
William Corcoran
Banker-started collecting in 1850-made conservative purchases
Hiram Power’s Greek Slave, 1846
collected by William Corcoran, displayed at Christmas Party in 1861
Daniel Huntington, Mercy’s Dream, 1850
one of 1st works acquired by William Corcoran
William Corcoran 1855
opens domestic gallery 2 days a week
William Corcoran 1857
published catalogue of 83 works, 1/3 are American
William Corcoran 1859
buys land, hires James Renwick to erect building to house collection, modeled after additions to the Louvre
William Corcoran 1891
building is too small, builds another neoclassical building designed by Thomas Flagg
has a rotunda in front, serious academic overall tone with heavy classical influence
William Corcoran 1907
holds exhibition of contemporary American Art, 400 works
-opened for a month-63,000 visit
Winslow Homer, A Light on the Sea, 1897
Shown at 1907 Corcoran exhibit
Willard LeRoy Metcalf, May Night, 1906
Shown at 1907 Corcoran exhibit
William Corcoran Deaccessioned
could not keep up with free museum (Smithsonian), works deaccessioned to the National Gallery, building taken over by George Washington University
International Exhibition 1876
founding of what becomes the Philadelphia Museum of Art, many colonial objects, pieces from exhibition start collection
Original Name for PMA
Philadelphia Museum and the School of Industrial Design
PMA model and date
South Kensington-London
Chartered 1876- opened 1877
PMA Audience
broad, 1/3 of philly’s population visits by 1890
1903 guide to pma central rotunda
- practical objects used as models
- huge range of objects
- modern sculpture
Wilstach family 1892
gives collection of 300 paintings to PMA- shift in direction
PMA current building
construction 1919-1928
greek classical
open to public 1928
Art Institute of Chicago
original building -Romanesque revival architecture, in center of town
-rooted in academy of fine arts founded in 1879
Art Institute of Chicago New Building
1891-93 by Shepley, Rutan and Coolidge
- museum designed with idea of how to develop city
- building is many different styles
Art Institute of Chicago layout
simple floor plan, ancient to Modern art
- monumental staircase
- room for casts
Rembrandt (Workshop), Young Woman at an Open Half Door,1645
acquired by Art Institute of Chicago by President Charles Hutchinson in 1894 with 13 other paintings
Meindart Hobbema, The Watermill with the Great Red Roof, 1662
acquired by Art Institute of Chicago by President Charles Hutchinson in 1894 with 13 other paintings
1890s trend
Old Masters begin to come available and all American collections collect them
Albright-Knox Gallery, Buffalo
Result from World’s Fair, roots in Buffalo Art Academy
Albert Bierstadt, The Marina Piccola, Capri, 1859-
one of the 1st works donated to Albright-Knox
John Albright
gives large monetary gift to Albright-Knox to found museum but it must be in Delaware Park
Albright-Knox Gallery building
completed in 1905 by Edward Green, elevated in park and received good reviews
St. Louis Museum
1st major museum w. of miss. river-opened in 1904
St Louis Museum architect
Cass Gilbert- focus on fine arts, central sculpture hall badly arranged
st. louis museum collection
sources from local collectors
st louis museum 1909
city passes legislation that states city tax money will go directly to museum for funding
East Building, St. Louis Museum
David Chipperfield, 2013
Cleveland Museum of Art building
Hubbell and Benes- completed 1916
Cleveland Museum of Art funding origin
3 wealthy Cleveland families all had same lawyer and lawyer convinced them to donate money to a museum
Cleveland collection
not large, but focuses on masterpieces and American Painters, focuses on temporary traveling exhibitions
John Singleton Copley, Mrs. John Greene, 1769
Cleveland Museum of Art
National Gallery funding
federal legislation
National Gallery founding collection
collection of Andrew Mellon
Albert Cuyp, Hedsman Tending Cattle, 1655/60
National Gallery
Diego Valezquez, The Needlewoman, 1640/50
National Gallery
National Gallery architect
John Russell Pope, located on Mall, designated by Congress, center portion looks like pantheon
4 universities with museums before 1900
Bowdoin College
Yale
Vassar
Smith
Bowdoin College
Land for college given by James BowdoinIII, named after his father
-1st museum part of a Univ.
Bowdoin Grand Tour
early 1770s, began to acquire works of art and had his portrait painted
Bowdoin Friend…
Trumbull- trumbull uses Smibert’s Studio in Boston, Bowdoin acquires Smiberts works
Walker Art Building
at Bowdoin College, Maine, 1894 by McKim
-neoclassical
Yale 1858
Professor Edward Salsbury organizes loan exhibition of over 250 works
Street Hall
1864, Yale University- designed by Peter Bonnet Wight, Ruscinian Design
- called School of Art-functions as art school
- replaces trumbull picture gallery, also houses art collection
Jarves Collection
installed in Street Hall 1887-1890
- paintings are considered distasteful and won’t be bought by Boston
- used as collateral for a $20,000 3 yr loan-cannot pay it back so Yale buys works
- Jarves intend is to show complete history of art
Egerton Swartwout
1928 addition to Yale art gallery dedicated to displaying art
Garvan collection
1930-collection given to yale
- high style objects from all regions
- 10,000 works of art
Louis I Kahn
addition to Yale 1953 coffered ceiling, british art center
Vassar
museum founded at the same time as school, collection of Hudson River School paintings
William Fogg
gave money to Harvard for a building by advice of lawyer, no actual connection
Charles Elliot Norton
1st professor of Art History in US, 1870s, literary background
Edward Waldo Forbes
collector and Art Historian, becomes Director of Fogg in 1909 and gives collection (generation after Norton)
Methods and Processes of Italian Painting
Class at Harvard taught by Forbes, students use techniques so they have a better understanding of art
Forbes other stuff
-engages students directly with works in the gallery
-refers to Fogg as a Fine Arts laboratory
-brings other people in to teach students
(How Sotheby’s is set up)
Fogg Art Museum
1927-built by Charles Coolidge
Paul Sach’s Museum Course
1944
- training ground for museum directors
- taught from objects
- introduced students to important people
- model for Sotheby’s
Reopening of Fogg
Nov. 2014-additional floors added
Museo Poldi Pezzoli, Milan
House Museum in Milan, Italy
- opened to public in 1891
- greatly influenced ISG
Hertford House, Manchester Square, London
- inspiration for Frick
- grand gallery
- Wallace collection, opened in 1900
- focus on French Rococo
Isabella Stewart Gardner
began collecting after death of a young son, she was advised to go to Europe and it has been said she replaced family with art
Johannes Vermeer, The Concert
one of ISG 1st purchases, bought without consultant
-shows she has own aesthetic taste, most of collection is influenced by Bernard Berenson
Rembrandt van Rijn, Self Portrait
ISG decides to open museum after acquiring this painting
ISG Building
Back Bay (Before MFA), starts planning in 1896-opens in 1903 -Willard T. Sears- architect
ISG admission
2 weeks in fall, 2 weeks in spring, 200 tickets available/day, had to apply for a ticket, each ticket costs $1.00
ISG 1914
Spanish Court expansion
-not actually Spanish architecture, more what she likes
(dies in 1924-house opened to public in a greater extent)
Walters Collection
Baltimore, MD- 2 generations
Father William Walters and son Henry Walters
William Walters collection
supports American painters but also starts collecting European works after trip to Europe
Walters Artist Reception
1872- begins opening house to artists for reception, becomes a tradition
1876-starts opening gallery for charitable events
Walters Admission
open to public Wed and Sat first 4 months of year, Washington’s birthday, easter Monday. costs $0.50
Henry Walters collection
more global, represents more cultures, acquires at world’s fairs
Walters Art Museum Opens
1909 (also use Berenson as a consultant)
Henry Walters dies 1931
20,000 objects in collection, bequeathed to the City of Baltimore
Frick
in 5 years, collects 90 paintings, contemporary French artists, not at frick today
Frick Retires 1899
buys first Rembrandt, emphasis shifts to dutch/Flemish and british portraits
Vanderbilt mansion
Frick rents it on 57th st and moves collection there
lennox library
frick acquires location of lennox library on 5th ave between 70 and 71
-Thomas Carrere designs building, architecturally looking towards France
Frick 1935
Frick opens to public after death of him and his wife
Huntington Collection, San Marino California
actually Joseph Duveen’s collection- he plans interior and acquires art, british portraits, skylit grand gallery
Gainsborough- Blue Boy
Huntington Collection
Phillips Memorial Collection, D.C.
- wishlist of 23 great pictures
- collects modern works
- shows Rothko in small room and small groups next to each other
- important venue to see moder art in D.C. (collects 1910s-1950s)
