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AS History (Weimar) > Collapse of Democracy (1928-33) > Flashcards

Collapse of Democracy (1928-33) Flashcards

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1
Q

Why did the grand coalition fail?

A

Reached deadlock on how to deal with welfare issue and coalition dissolved

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2
Q

Who replace Muller?

A

Bruning

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3
Q

How many times did Bruning use presidential decree?

A

66 laws passed by decree

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4
Q

Why did Bruning use presidential decree?

A

SPD was excluded meaning nobody has a majority and government had to reply on Presidental decree

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5
Q

What did an increase in Nazi support lead too?

A

Disturbances in Reichstag

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6
Q

What did street violence increasing led to?

A

Bruning banning SA

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7
Q

Was any SA ban effective?

A

Didn’t stop membership or activity

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8
Q

How did the welfare system fair over depression?

A

Heights of unemployment meant system couldn’t cope and reforms were implemented to restrict amount paid to individuals

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9
Q

Describe effect on youth

A

High levels of unemployment and little prospects lead to gangs forming, Juvenile crime began to rise as well as extremism, extreme politics tried to involved youth buy failed. Government intervention was largely methods of getting youths off street

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10
Q

Describe effect on women

A

Employed women became unpopular and cross-party belief that right to work should be revoked. Law made in May 1932 enable civil servants to be dismissed however overall percentage of women in work increased

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11
Q

What happened in October 1929?

A

Wall Street Crash

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12
Q

What happened in March 1930?

A

Collapse of Muller grand coalition and Bruining becomes chancellor

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13
Q

What happened in September 1930?

A

Reichstag elections where Nazi’s and Communist made gains

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14
Q

What happened in May 1931?

A

Collapse of Austrian Bank

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15
Q

What happened in July 1931?

A

Financial crisis in Germany

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16
Q

What happened in April 1932?

A

Ban on Nazi SA

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17
Q

What happened in April 1932?

A

Hindenburg reelected as President

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18
Q

What happened in May 1932?

A

Bruning resigns and replaced by Papen as Chancellor

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19
Q

What happened in July 1932?

A

Reichstag elections

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20
Q

Who was Germany’s main exporter?

A

USA

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21
Q

How much did exports drop by?

A

61%

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22
Q

How much did industrial production fall by?

A

58%

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23
Q

What happened to companies?

A

Many went bankrupt and other made cuts

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24
Q

When and why did the Banks close?

A

2 days in July 1931 for break

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25
Q

How many Germans were registered unemployed by 1932?

A

1/3

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26
Q

What groups were hit badly?

A

Industrial areas and white collar workers

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27
Q

How did farming fare?

A

Decrease in exports and domestic prices forced further into difficulty

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28
Q

How many votes did KPD gain between 1928 and 1930?

A

2 million votes

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29
Q

How did the support for KPD change

A

From unions to working class and after 1929 moved to unemployment

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30
Q

What did KPD aim to do?

A

End unemployment cuts, legalise abortion and have close relations with USSR

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31
Q

What was the KPD’s long run goal?

A

Repace SPD

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32
Q

What was the peak of KPD support?

A

16.9%

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33
Q

What were the issues with membership for KPD?

A

High turnover meant no sustainable financial support

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34
Q

What did Hitler do in 1929?

A

Established undisputed control of Nazi Party and had leadership cult

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35
Q

Who did Nazi’s use as their scapegoat?

A

Jewish were ‘responsible for economic and political problems

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36
Q

Were Anti-Semitic views open?

A

Yes but ordinary people still less open

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37
Q

How did the Nazi reach people?

A

Owned newspapers and published many poster and conducted marches

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38
Q

How was propaganda so successful?

A

Hitler was charismatic and changed his messaged depending on audience

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39
Q

When was 25 point programme first proposed?

A

1920

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40
Q

Who didn’t agree with all points?

A

Hitler

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41
Q

What did SA show?

A

Discipline and unity

42
Q

What ideas were the heart of Nazi thinking?

A

Struggle, violence and war

43
Q

What was Volksgeimeinschaft?

A

Romanised idea of German that only allow citizenship for Aryans

44
Q

Why did change the name to NSDAP?

A

Attempt to gain worker class support

45
Q

What did Hitler set out to do?

A

Destroy parliamentary democracy

46
Q

What was Furerprinzip?

A

Hitler has supreme control

47
Q

What were 3 consistent aims?

A

Reverse humiliation, establish greater Reich and secure materials for sustaining greater Germany

48
Q

How did Hitler see Jews?

A

Saw them as responsible and used propaganda to deem them to be cunnig, greedy and selfish

49
Q

How did Nazis fare in 1928 election?

A

0.8 million votes and 12 seats, smallest party

50
Q

How did Nazis fare in 1930 election?

A

6.4 million votes and 107 seats, second largest

51
Q

How did Nazis fare in 1932 presidential election?

A

11.3 million votes in first round and 13.4 million votes in second, Hindenburg only got 19 million

52
Q

How did Nazis fare in 1932 elections?

A

13.8 million votes and 230 seats

53
Q

How did Nazis fare in the second 1932 election?

A

11.2 million votes, support declined after back communist-led strike

54
Q

How did Nazis fare in 1933 election?

A

17.3 million votes and 288 seats, first of undemocratic elections

55
Q

What happened on 30th January 1933?

A

Hiter was invited to join coalition

56
Q

Who was Hitler invited to join a coalition with?

A

DNVP and Papen

57
Q

Why did Hindenburg come round to the idea of Hitler becoming Chancellor?

A

Hugneburg and Papen though Hitler would be easy to manipulate

58
Q

Why did Bruning become Chancellor despite not having a majority?

A

Schleicher influenced Hindenburg into making the decisions

59
Q

How did Bruning govern?

A

By presidential decree because he didn’t have a majority

60
Q

What happened to Nazi following when depression worsened?

A

It grew

61
Q

What deal did Hitler make with Schleicher?

A

Hitler would support a government if new elections were called and ban on SA was lifted

62
Q

Who replaced Bruning?

A

Papen

63
Q

What was the issue with Papen’s background?

A

No political affiliations

64
Q

How did Papen govern?

A

By presidential decree because he didn’t have a majority

65
Q

Who did Papen ally himself with?

A

Nazis

66
Q

How did Hitler break his deal with Schleicher?

A

Passed a vote of no confidence in Papen and forced Hindenburg to dissolve Reichstag

67
Q

Why had Nazis lost support in November 1932 election?

A

Middle class alienated by attacks on Papen, support of communist-led strikes damaged the party in the eyes of those fearing revolution and close elections had drained funds

68
Q

How did Papen’s government fall?

A

Faced hostility in Reichstag, considered banning extreme parties with force but Schleicher removed army backing

69
Q

Who made up Hindenburg’s inner circle?

A

Schleicher, Hindenburg and Missow

70
Q

Who followed Papen?

A

Schleicher

71
Q

What task was Schleicher faced with?

A

Constructing stability

72
Q

How did Schleicher first approach Nazi’s?

A

Reached out to Strasser but Hitler removed him and reestablished rulership

73
Q

What change in direction did Schleicher take?

A

Adopted a socially progressive policy

74
Q

What impact did Schleicher’s change in direction have?

A

Lost backbone support from conservatives

75
Q

What did Schleicher ask Hindenburg for but was refused?

A

Dictatorial powers

76
Q

Who did talks begin with over new coalition?

A

Hitler and Hindenburg’s inner circle

77
Q

What was Hitler still adamant on?

A

Being Chancellor

78
Q

Why did the agree to let Hitler become Chancellor?

A

Through Hitler could be controlled

79
Q

How many posts did Nazi’s hold in the first cabinet?

A

3 - Hitler was Chancellor, Frick was Security and Goering was Security in Prussia

80
Q

What happened on evening of appointment?

A

Candlelight procession to make change from the past

81
Q

What did Hitler persuade Hindenburg to do?

A

Dissolve Reichstag and call new elections

82
Q

Why did Hitler call new elections?

A

He believed he would win

83
Q

When was Reichstag fire?

A

27 February

84
Q

Who was claimed to have started the fire?

A

Marius Vander Lubbe who had links to communists

85
Q

What did Hitler use the fire to justify?

A

Suspension of rights

86
Q

What played a big part in Hitler’s rise to power?

A

Violence of SA

87
Q

What did Nazi’s do in the run up to the elections?

A

Unleashed a rain of terror using state resources

88
Q

What was Dachau and where was it?

A

First concentration camp, outside of Munich

89
Q

How many political prisoners were there by July 1933?

A

26789

90
Q

What emergency powers did Hitler gain after the fire?

A

Decree suspended civil and political rights

91
Q

What powers did the police now have?

A

Increasing powers to detain without charge, enter and search property

92
Q

How did the police treat SA violence?

A

Ability to commit violence untouched and gained legal authority

93
Q

What happened to KPD before elections?

A

Allowed to stand but party membership was considered treason

94
Q

What backdrop were the elections held under?

A

Fear and intimidation banned opponents campaign of bombarded with propaganda

95
Q

What was the outcome of the March 1933 election?

A

43.9 % and 288 seats for Nazi’s - formed with allies DNVP to get majority

96
Q

What was the Enabling Act?

A

Gave Hitler dictatorial powers

97
Q

What happened on March 23, 1933?

A

First meeting in new Reichstag to propose enabling act

98
Q

What happened on March 24, 1933?

A

Law passed and Hitler got powers to make treaties too

99
Q

How did Hitler achieve his 2/3 majority to pass enabling act?

A

Removal of communists seats, ZP gave support after Hitler promised not to use it without consulting Hindenburg

100
Q

What was the Gleichschaltung?

A

Nazi’s attempted to control all aspects of Germany

101
Q

How did Hitler relationship with army and industrialists affect Gleichschaltung?

A

They were only two institutions that could remove him and they weren’t playing ball so Hitler left them alone

AS History (Weimar) (3 decks)

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