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Religious Studies - Buddhism > Colin Buddhism Beliefs Knowledge Sheet > Flashcards

Colin Buddhism Beliefs Knowledge Sheet Flashcards

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1
Q

Arhat

A

A ‘perfected person’ who has overcome the main sources of suffering.

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2
Q

Asceticism

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A lifestyle of strict self-denial – rejected by Siddhartha for the Middle Way.

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3
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Bodhisattva

A

An enlightened person who chooses to remain in samsara to teach others.

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4
Q

Dependent Arising

A

The idea that everything is dependent on everything else.

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5
Q

Dharma

A

The Buddha’s teachings – how to reach the state of enlightenment.

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6
Q

Dukkha

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Suffering or dissatisfaction – something Buddhists seek to overcome.

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7
Q

Eightfold Path

A

Eight aspects of life Buddhists live by to try and reach enlightenment.

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8
Q

Enlightenment

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A state of spiritual wisdom which arises from understanding the nature of reality.

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9
Q

Four Noble Truths

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Four truths the Buddha taught about suffering and how to overcome it.

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10
Q

Four Sights

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Four things Siddhartha saw that inspired him to leave his life of luxury.

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11
Q

Jakata

A

A book of popular tales about the life of the Buddha.

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12
Q

Meditation

A

The practice of focusing or calming the mind and reflecting on teachings.

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13
Q

Nirvana

A

A state of complete enlightenment which lies outside the cycle of samsara.

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14
Q

Samsara

A

The cycle of life, death and re-birth.

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15
Q

Three Marks of Existence

A

Three Buddhist beliefs about the truth of existence.

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16
Q

Three Watches

A

Three realisations Siddhartha made in order to become enlightened.

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17
Q

Buddha’s life

A

. Buddha was born Siddhartha Gautama around 500BC in southern Nepal.
. He grew up in a life of luxury as the son of a Queen.
. He was inspired to leave this life by the Four Sights.
. After this he lived an ascetic life of self-denial and pain but wasn’t able to become enlightened so left it for the Middle Way between pain and luxury.

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18
Q

The four sights

A

The Four Sights Siddhartha saw on his trip outside the palace were:

  1. An old man – everyone ages
  2. An ill man – everyone becomes ill
  3. A dead man – all things die
  4. A holy man – the only answer to these problems
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19
Q

Enlightenment

A

. Failure of Siddhartha’s ascetic life to provide him with enlightenment.
. Siddhartha chose to follow the Middle Way.
. He meditated under a tree
. Tempted by Mara who tried to distract him
. But he stayed focused on meditation and reaching enlightenment.

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20
Q

3 watches

A

. Eventually he became enlightened during the Three Watches of the Night.
. He understood Knowledge of all his previous lives, the cycle of life, death and re-birth (samsara) and that all beings suffer due to desire.
. After this Siddhartha became enlightened and began to be known as Buddha.

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21
Q

Three Marks of Existence

A

The fundamental Buddhist beliefs about the nature of human existence. They present a very different view of the world to Christianity. That suffering is inevitable, that everything is impermeant and that we have no fixed, immortal soul.

22
Q

Dukkha

A

Suffering is a part of life that all people must face. Buddhists can try and overcome it.

23
Q

Anicca

A

The idea of impermanence – that everything constantly changes and we suffer when we resist it.

24
Q

Anatta

A

The idea that we don’t have a fixed soul – there is no unchanging essence to us.

25
Q

Therevada

A

Known as the ‘lesser vehicle’ as only male monks achieve enlightenment. Oldest form of Buddhism, found in southern Asia.

26
Q

Mahayana

A

Known as the ‘greater vehicle’ as anyone can become enlightened. Teaches sunyata or emptiness – nothing as a separate soul or self.

27
Q

Pure land

A

Mostly found in Japan – a form of Mahayana Buddhism. Based on faith in Amitabha Buddha and his paradise.

28
Q

Bodhisattva

A

Mahayana Buddhists aim to become a Bodhisattva. Someone who reaches an enlightened state but chooses to remain in the cycle of samsara to help others reach enlightenment.

29
Q

Arhat

A

Theravada Buddhists aim to become an Arhat by following the Eightfold Path. An Arhat is a ‘perfected person’ who overcomes the main sources of suffering and reaches nirvana.

30
Q

The four noble truths

A

The Four Noble Truths are what Buddha taught about suffering:
1. There is suffering&raquo_space; 2. Suffering has a cause&raquo_space; 3. Suffering can come to an end&raquo_space; 4. There is a way to end suffering

31
Q

Cause of suffering

A

. Tanha (craving).
.Three Poisons - greed, hatred and ignorance.
. Buddha teaches that we can and must overcome these causes of suffering in order to become enlightened and reach nirvana – a state of freedom, happiness and peace.

32
Q

The eightfold path

A

. Consists of eight aspects that Buddhists practise and live by in order to do this
. Right speech, right action, right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness, right concentration, right understanding, right intention.

33
Q

The Buddha in the Dhammapada verses 190-191

A

“But if any one goes for refuge to the Buddha, the Dhamma and the Sangha he perceives with proper knowledge the four noble truths: suffering; the cause of suffering, the end of suffering and the noble eightfold path leading to the end of suffering.”

34
Q

The wheel of life

A

Represents the Samsara, the continual round of birth death and re-birth. The parts - the realm of humanity, the realm of the pretas, the three poisons, the realm of the gods, the realm of asuras, the realm of animals and the realm of hell.

35
Q

The realm of humanity

A

The state of being able to make choices and to understand right and wrong. This is what makes humans unique.

36
Q

The realm of the pretas

A

Pretas are hungry ghosts. They have knives sinking into their stomachs and tiny mouths. They can never have enough of anything. This represents human selfishness.

37
Q

The three poisons

A

A pig, a snake and a cockerel, they represent stupidity, hatred and greed, Buddhist see these as the starting point of all human problems.

38
Q

The realm of the gods

A

This represents the effect of receiving good kamma from positive causes. This is just a temporary state. It only lasts as long as someone’s good kamma.

39
Q

The realm of asuras

A

Mythical beings which represent anger, hate and envy towards other people.

40
Q

The realm of animals

A

This represents basic human instinct. Food, sex and material comfort. When you are enlightened you can be happy with your natural self.

41
Q

The realm of hell

A

Extreme suffering. The result of negative kamma. This is physical and emotional.

42
Q

Right speech

A

. Section of threefold way - ethics (sila).

. Speak truthfully and kindly.

43
Q

Right action

A

. Section of threefold way - ethics (sila).

. Practice the five moral precepts.

44
Q

Right livelihood

A

. Section of threefold way - ethics (sila).

. Have a job that does not cause suffering.

45
Q

Right effort

A

. Section of threefold way - meditation (samadhi).

. Work hard to become enlightened.

46
Q

Right mindfulness

A

. Section of threefold way - meditation (samadhi).

. Become aware of yourself and the world.

47
Q

Right concentration

A

. Section of threefold way - meditation (samadhi).

. Develop focus and concentration.

48
Q

Right understanding

A

. Section of threefold way - wisdom (panna).

. Understand the dhamma.

49
Q

Right intention

A

. Section of threefold way - wisdom (panna).

. Follow the path with the right intention.

50
Q

5 khandhas

A

. We have no self (anatta). According to Buddhism we are just made up of the 5 khandas.
. Form - the physical body e.g. hand.
. Sensations - the senses through which we experience the outside world e.g. smelling cake.
. Perception - the awareness of the information our senses give us e.g. realising ‘that’s cake!’.
. Mental formations/impulses - our reaction to the information we take in e.g. running out of the class to get some cake!
. Consciousness.

51
Q

The Law of Samsara- reincarnation and Karma

A

. Karma is the work or actions which follow your Dharma (duty).
. Good karma is in line with your dharma. The more good karma you build up in your Atman (soul) during your life for better rebirth.
. Bad Karma from not following your Dharma with result in worse rebirth.
. If your atman has better Karma than the previous life, then you will be reborn into a higher form.
. Eventually your Atman will not be reborn into another body. You will achieve enlightenment and reach Nirvana- escape the cycle of Samsara.
Cycle of samsara - rebirth, life, death

Religious Studies - Buddhism (7 decks)

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