Cold War Topic 4

Question 1

Isolationism

Answer 1

Used by USA
Faced by communism
Withdrawn from international politics and policies

Question 2

USSR

Answer 2

Superior soviet, only vote for members of communist parties.
Right of individuals is less than the society.
USSR had a planned economy
Germany had invaded Russia in 1914 and 1941.
Wanted USSR to be safe and for it to never happen again,

Question 3

Yalta and Potsdam

Answer 3

Discussed challenges:
What do with Germany and leaders after surrender
What to do with countries after they’ve been liberated
How to bring war with Japan to a quick end.
Maintain a peace that would last.

Question 4

When was the yalta conference?

Answer 4

February 1945

Question 5

Who was at the yalta conference?

Answer 5

Churchill, Roosevelt, Stalin.

Question 6

What was agreed at the yalta conference?

Answer 6

Germany would be divided into four zones- run by USA, France, Britain and USSR.
Germany’s capital city of Berlin would be divided into four also.
Counties of Eastern Europe allowed to hold elections to decide who would be government.
USSR join war against japan in return for Manchuria and Sakhalin Island.

Question 7

When was Potsdam?

Answer 7

July- august 1945

Question 8

Who was at the Potsdam conference?

Answer 8

Attlee, Truman and Stalin.

Question 9

Potsdam- continue of yalta conference-

Answer 9

Nazi party banned and leaders tried as criminals.

Oder- Neisse (river) line was to form the border between Poland and Germany.

Question 10

Potsdam- what did they disagree about.

Answer 10

They saw no need for Stalin to have such a base.
Stalin saw this as evidence that allies mistrusted him.
USA and Britain didn’t want to cripple German economy, saw results from TOV.
Stalin suspicious of allies seemed to want to help Germany recover.
They disagreed over communist governments and non communist government.

Question 11

Atom bomb- background.

Answer 11

Battle of midway in May 1942 gave USA control of the war in the pacific.
American looses due to huge Japanese troops refusal to surrender.
USA used atom bomb to end war.

Question 12

When was the first bomb dropped by USA.

Answer 12

6 august.

Question 13

Where was the first bomb dropped and it’s consequences?

Answer 13

Hiroshima
75,000 died instantly
Tens of thousands died from radiation poisoning in follow years.

Question 14

Where was the second bomb dropped, when and consequences?

Answer 14

Nagasaki
9 august
60000 casualties

Question 15

Aftermath of the atom bomb.

Answer 15

Stalin told about the atom bomb by Truman at start of Potsdam and he was furious it had been kept a secret.
The bomb increased rivalry-
Stalin was convinced the USA bombs were a warning to the USSR.
Arms race emerged with the USSR determined to develop its own atom bomb.

Question 16

Soviet expansion in the east

Answer 16

Soviet red army advanced through large areas of Eastern Europe whilst driving back the Germans.
One year later many soviet troops were stationed in Eastern Europe.
Elections held, like promised in yalta, however evidence to show it was rigged towards USSR backed communists parties.
Bulgaria, Albania, Poland, Romania and Hungary, opponents of communists were to be beaten and murdered.

Question 17

Soviet expansion in the east- what happened by 1948.

Answer 17

All Eastern Europe States had communist governments.
Europe now divided- east and west.
1946, Churchill called the division the iron curtain.

Question 18

Czechoslovakia- 1948

Answer 18

Not fully part of Stalins Eastern bloc of counties.
Communists were not fully in control.
Spring of 1948, elections due and seemed communists would do badly.
Communists organised marches and protests.
Non communist ministers resigned and foreign minister jan Masaryk was killed.

Question 19

What happened in May 1948.

Answer 19

Elections took place but only communists were allowed to stand.

Question 20

When was the Truman doctrine?

Answer 20

1947

Question 21

Truman doctrine- Greece.

Answer 21

Greece next inline for spread of communism.
Greek resistance split into two movements-
Royalist- who wanted to the return of the king
Communists.

After war, royalists got the king back with the British.
Came under the attack of the communists.
Applied for help from the USA in 1947.
Truman worried for the spread of communism.
Provided with arms, supplies and money.

Question 22

When were the communists defeated?

Answer 22

1949 after a civil war.

Question 23

Truman doctrine- turkey.

Answer 23

End of ww2, partial control of Dardanelles.

Strategic passage between Black Sea and Mediterranean.- belonged to Turkey.

Question 24

USA

Answer 24

Democratic system of government- how president and congress is chosen.
Capatalist economy
Businesses and properties privately owned
USA wealthiest country
Freedom of the individuals.