Cold War pt 2 Flashcards
Arms race: 1945
USA drop atomic bomb on Japan
Arms race 1949
The USSR successfully test atomic bomb
Arms race 1950
The UK carry out nuclear tests in Australia
Arms race 1952
USA successfully tests first hydrogen bomb, lots more powerful than atomic bomb
Arms race 1953
USSR tests its own hydrogen bomb
Arms race 1955
USA says any attack on us or allies would be met with more force
Arms race 1957
USSA created first intercontinental ballistic missile in order to launch Sputnik 1
Arms race 1958
USA tests its own IBCMs
Arms race 1959
USA deploys polaris submarines capable of launching nukes close to USSR coast
Arms race 1961
USSR detonates Tsar bomb, largest ever explosion
Arms race 1962
Cuban missile crisis
Arms race 1968
Anti ballistic missile system created by USSR to shoot down in bound missiles
Arms race 1968
USA develops MIRV technology - allowing missiles to hit multiple targets
Space race 1957
USSR launch Sputnik 1
Space race 1959
USSR launches Luna 1, USA sent pioneer 4 to fly past moon, then the soviets launched luna 2 to moon
Space race 1960
USA launches first satellite equipped with spy cameras
Space race 1961
USSR puts the first man in space. USA respond with their own Apollo mission. JFK challenged USA to get man on moon by the end of the 60s
Space race 1969
First man on the moon
Hungary revolution reasons
- Standards of living got worse
- Reformer (Imre Nagy) kicked out by Rakosi
- Poland allowed more freedom - given false hope
- Harsh punishments for disagreements
- Elections rigged in favour of communists
- Leader of Catholic Church killed
HUNGARY 1945
free elections were held in hungry but the Communist Party receive less than 20% of the vote so Stalin chose to ignore this and ordered new ones to be held later on in 1947
HUNGARY 1947
A leading Communist was hanged because he was seen by the Soviets as too open-minded as a result of this communist control in hungry tightened
HUNGARY 1947
The results of the 1947 election were raped and exclusively Communist government took power by November of this year all no Communist ppolitical parties were banned the end of the year saw the establishment of a terrorist state with harsh punishments
HUNGARY 1948
by 1948 Yugoslavia under their leader Tito had broken away from Soviet control and established themselves as an independent Communist country this gave hope to hungry that they too could do the same
HUNGARY 1949
at the start of 1949 the leader of the Catholic Church in Hungary was sentenced to life imprisonment for preaching against Stalin’s beliefs
HUNGARY 1949
after 1949 the standards of living under communism sharply deteriorated in hungry
HUNGARY 1953
Stalin died in 1953 and this gave hope to people in hungry that communism would be relaxed and that their lives would improve two years later Krushchev became the next leader of the USSR and imposed a policy of DeStalinisatiom which would relax the controls of communism
HUNGARY
once Krushchev came to power he ordered the brutal Communist leader in hungry invite the non-Communist reformer into the government
HUNGARY 1955
at the end of 1955 Rakosi through Nagy out of the government due to disagreements over how hungry should be run
HUNGARY 1956
by the start of 1956 the Hungarians demanded independence and began setting up revolutionary councils to demand further reforms
HUNGARY 1956
on the 4th of November 1956 200,000 Soviet troops invaded Budapest to put down the revolution this was a huge success for the USSR and by the end of that month they had re-established a Communist government under the leadership of Janos Kadar
HUNGARY 1958
Imre Nagy was executed as an example to hungry those that rebel would be harshly dealt with
Why did the Hungarian Revolution fail?
lack of weapons/resources, Over 1000 tanks went into the city, USA didn’t use containment or rollback, USA thought it was too close to Russia so they didn’t want to start a war, Russians resorted to terror tactics, harsh actions of USSR e.g. tanks
U2 CRISIS SUMMARY
In the U2 crisis Gary powers blew his plane to collect military intelligence for the CIA by taking Soviet base photographs. He got caught by the Soviets after he got shot down. Then the summit meeting which was supposed to happen didn’t go ahead because the USA were caught spying on Russia
U2 FACTS 1
The USA was suspicious of Krushchev after mid 1950s despite peaceful coexistence because of what he did in hungry
U2 FACTS 2
The U2 planes were fit for espionage because they were lightweight and could fly at 75,000 feet above the Earth
U2 FACTS 3
The big four had scheduled a summit meeting to solve some of the Cold War problems specifically things such as Berlin issues
U2 FACTS 4
Gary powers was a US pilot flying over Soviet basis to try and photograph military intelligence for the USA’s CIA
EAST OF BERLIN WALL
In the east it was grey depressing no paint on any houses no official brands of food or drink people in the west knew what they needed no radio or newspaper free school and low rent easy to live a carefree life low crime rates and basics
WEST OF BERLIN WALL
In the west there was not enough space for building people felt like prisoners there were shops bright colours culture luxuries such as sewing kits TVs radios foreign goods clothing brands and there was overcrowding
Why Krushchev built the wall
He built the wall because he wanted to prevent the Easterners from fleeing to better life in the west
What’s happening in Cuba?
It’s been turned Communist by Castro its housing nuclear missile sites and Cuba is 90 miles south of Florida
What did 11th Sept statement say?
It’s announced its military support to Cuba Kennedy warned the USSR to withdraw their support to Cuba
What is out position on Cuba?
Photographic evidence of nuclear missile sites in Cuba the weapons being supplied by the USSR
Who is Castro?
He turned Cuba into a communist dictatorship. He appointed communists to document and sign to trade agreement with the USSR. Overthrew Bautista
Who is Batista?
cuban military officer to take power. ProAmerican, go to trading relations. Capitalist
What is the Bay of Pigs?
1400 exiles supported by the USA landed here, faced 20,000 Cuban troops supporting Castro
why was the Bay of pigs a disaster?
exiles were easily defeated and those who were not killed were taken prisoner?. Kennedy denied involvement in the invasion
What did Kennedy do?
Kennedy set up a naval blockade around Cuba. Two days later the first Soviet ships carrying supplies to Cuba returned back it was found to be carrying nuclear supplies to Cuba. A series of letters were sent between Kennedy and Christian of asking him to call off the blockade. Kristian replied to Kennedys offer the next day on 28th October. The USSR agreed to remove its missiles from Cuba. Privately Kennedy agreed to remove the secret US missiles from Turkey. The withdrawal of missiles began on third of November and Kennedy called off the naval blockade on the 20th of November
Why did Jon Palach set himself on fire?
he was a Communist. He was protesting about communism with a human face being removed. In January 1969 soviet tanks invaded Czechoslovakia. No one was helping him because they were frightened of Soviets and didn’t want to intervene. After all reforms in the Prague Springs were removed.
PRAGUE SPRINGS: POLITICAL REFORMS
Powers of the secret police curb. Re-elections and opposition parties allowed to stand. Less state involvement in every day life. End of press censorship.
PRAGUE SPRINGS: ECONOMIC REFORMS
competition encouraged. Plans to increase trade with the west.
PRAGUE SPRINGS: SOCIAL REFORMS
competition encouraged. Less state involvement in every day life. Increased standard of living. Freedom to travel abroad. Provision of basic human rights.
enforce economic sanctions, such as stopping wheat imports into Czechoslovakia.
I don’t think that Brezhnez considered this option because it meant that Czechoslovakia could’ve turned to the west for help
consequences of the uprising of Czechoslovakia in 1968.
Dubcek fired. Prague Springs withdrawn. Ended all attempts to reform communism
Détente
The easing of hostility between countries especially Cold War tensions before the 1970s
How did Cold War tension develop 1945-1972?
Presidents; USA:
Roosevelt (1933-1945) Truman (1945-53) Eisenhower (1953-61) Kennedy (1961-63) Johnson (1963-68) Nixon (1968-77) Carter (1977-81)
Presidents; USSR:
Stalin (1929-53)
Krushchev (1955-64)
Brezhnev (1964-82)
