Cold War Continues Flashcards
What characterized the Superpower Arms Race?
The US and USSR had the best militaries and highest industrial output. USSR had numerical superiority in conventional weapons, while the USA and allies usually had technological superiority and numerical superiority in nuclear weapons.
Who was elected in 1952 and appointed John Foster Dulles as Secretary of State?
Eisenhower was elected in 1952.
What is ‘Brinkmanship’?
‘Brinkmanship’ is the strategy of challenging Communist USSR and China to the extreme for concessions, though Eisenhower held back Dulles.
What is ‘Massive Retaliation’?
‘Massive Retaliation’ refers to the idea that nuclear weapons provide more bang for the buck.
What significant event occurred in 1948 regarding Israel?
Israel declared and won independence after Britain withdrew.
What was the Balfour Declaration?
The Balfour Declaration of 1917 stated the intention to establish a Jewish homeland in Palestine.
What actions did the CIA take in Iran and Guatemala?
The CIA helped Shaw Reza Pahlavi return to power in Iran (1953) and overthrew the leftist Guatemalan government (1954).
What happened in Vietnam in 1954?
France withdrew from Vietnam, leading to increased US involvement.
What was the Suez Crisis?
The Suez Crisis (1956) involved Egypt against Israel, Britain, and France.
What is the Eisenhower Doctrine?
The Eisenhower Doctrine states that the US will aid any Middle Eastern country threatened by communism.
When was OPEC formed?
OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) was formed in 1960.
What was the Spirit of Geneva?
The Spirit of Geneva refers to the summit in 1953 where the two superpowers talked.
What did Nikita Khrushchev do in 1956?
Khrushchev denounced the deceased Joseph Stalin.
What happened during the Hungarian Revolution in 1956?
The Hungarian Revolution was crushed, and the US did nothing.
What was the Sputnik Shock?
The Sputnik Shock (1957) led to the National Defense and Education Act and the creation of NASA in 1958.
What happened in Cuba in 1959?
Fidel Castro took control of Cuba.
What was the U2 Incident?
The U2 Incident involved US fears of falling behind, with U2 spy planes and pilot Gary Powers being shot down and exchanged for a Soviet spy, leading to the cancellation of the 1960 Paris Summit by Khrushchev.
