Cold War

Question 1

What was the Marshall Plan?

Answer 1

A united states program of economic aid for the recondstruction of Europe.

Question 2

What was the Berlin wall?

Answer 2

It was built in 1961 by the soviet union to seal off their sectorof Berlin in order to stop the flow of refugees out of the soviet zone of Germany.

Question 3

What was the containment policy?

Answer 3

It was established by Truman administartion in 1947 to contain Soviet influence to what it was at the end of WW2.

Question 4

What was Detente?

Answer 4

Relaxation of tentions between US and major communist rivals the Soviet union and China.

Question 5

What was the domino theory?

Answer 5

It was a political theory that if one country became under communist control other neighbouring nations would soon follow.

Question 6

What was the Truman Doctrine?

Answer 6

It promised military support and aid to nations threatened bu armed minorities.

Question 7

What was NATO?

Answer 7

North Atlantic Treaty Organization an alliance

Question 8

What was the arms race?

Answer 8

Competetion between the US amd the Soviet Union to build up their respective armed forces and weapons.

Question 9

What and how were the divisons of Germany?

Answer 9

They were splipt in 4 zomes controlled by US,UK,France and Russia.

Question 10

What was the Cuban Missile Crisis?

Answer 10

It was when it was close to a nuclear war when kennedy insisted that khrushchev removed 42 missiles he had secretly developed in Cuba.

Question 11

What was the Warsaw pact?

Answer 11

Treaty signed in 1945 that formed an alliance if Easter European countries behind the iron curtain.

Question 12

What was perestorkia?

Answer 12

Restructring of the soviet germany and the economy in 1980’s.

Question 13

What was the soviet Union?

Answer 13

Union of Soviet, Socialist Republics or USSR. A union of republics ruled from Moscow,Russia.

Question 14

What is communism?

Answer 14

The ideology that all property, including homes and businesses, should belong to the state to ensure that every member of society has a fair share. The Soviet Union’s political ideology was communist.

Question 15

What is NATO?

Answer 15

North Atlantic Treaty Organisation: a military alliance between Western countries

Question 16

What was a satellite state?

Answer 16

A nation that was once independent, but is now under the control of another.

Question 17

What were the Early tensions between the East and West?

Answer 17

During WW2 the Soviet Union,USA and Britain formed The Grand Alliance against Nazi Germany.However, once Germany had been defeated, tensions between the allied countries began to increase for several reasons.

Question 18

What were the causes of tension?

Answer 18

Politics,social structure,economy and rights.

Question 19

What was the difference between the politics?

Answer 19

USA and Britain had free elections with a choice of parties,whereas the Soviet union was single-party rule.

Question 20

What was the difference in Social Structure?

Answer 20

Some people have more power than others because of family,background,wealth,education or achievements. Whereas in the Soviet Union it was a classless society where everyone is equal.

Question 21

What was the difference in Economy?

Answer 21

Capitalist: A private ownership of property and buisness. Communist: State ownership of property and buisness.

Question 22

What was the difference in rights?

Answer 22

Individual freedom guranteed in USA and Britain. Whereas in the Soviet Union the rights of all workers more important than individual rights.

Question 23

What happened to the “old powers” after the WW2?

Answer 23

The old powers’ like Britain and France were now less important. Two new ‘superpowers’, the Soviet Union and the USA had emerged. Their strong militaries and economies created rivalry between them.

Question 24

How did the USA and Britain feel about the USSR and communism?

Answer 24

The USA and Britain were still suspicious of the communist Soviet Union, whilst the USSR distrusted the capitalist world.

Question 25

What were the outcomes of the Tehran press conference?

Answer 25

The USA and Britain would attack Germany in Western Europe helping the Soviets fighting in the East.Stalin would declare war on Japan tohelp the USA to defeat them once the war in Europe was over.

Question 26

What were the outcomes of the Yalta press conference?

Answer 26

Germany to be split into four zones, each controlled by a different power: the USA, Britain, France, and the Soviet Union.The Soviet Union joined the war against Japan.The United Nations was set up

Question 27

What were the outcomes of Postdam?

Answer 27

Germany split into four zones, but the economy would be run as a whole.Berlin split into four zones controlled by different countries, even though it was within the Soviet zone of Germany.Truman objected to Soviet control over the countries of Eastern Europe

Question 28

What did the USA do to Japan?

Answer 28

The USA developed and used atom bombs to win against Japan. The USA dropped an atom bomb on Japanese City of Hiroshima on 6th August 1945. In 120,000 Japanese civillans were killed altogether.

Question 29

How did this increase tensions?

Answer 29

The Soviet Union became even more determined to spread its influence in order to create a buffer zone between itself and Western Europe.The Soviet Union first successfully tested an atom bomb on 29th August 1949. By 1964, Britain, France, and China also had the atom bomb.

Question 30

How did this decrease tensions?

Answer 30

Both sides were much less willing to go to war, as the risks became much higher and many more would be killed.

Question 31

What was the Kennan Long and Noikov telegram?

Answer 31

These two were reports from ambassadors in the Soviet and American embassies show attitudes towards each other countries.

Question 32

What was George Kennan's Long Telegram to Washingston about?

Answer 32

Reported that attitudes in Moscow were hostile towards the USA.Stalin held a firm belief in the destruction of capitalism Kennan believed that the Soviets would back down if faced with tough resistance from the West. This played a key role in American foreign policy in the following years.

Question 33

What was Nikolai Novikov’s telegram to Moscow about?

Answer 33

Believed the the US wanted to use their strong military to dominate the world.Told Moscow that the Americans no longer wanted to cooperate with the Soviets.

Question 34

What was the Iron Curtain Speech?

Answer 34

In March 1946 on a visit to the USA Churchhill madea a speech critising the Soviet Union as a threat to peace. This encouraged the USSR to strengthen its forces and increase anti-Western propaganda.

Question 35

What was the creation of the soviet satellite states?

Answer 35

The countries that the Soviet Union freed from Nazi occupation between 1944 and 1945 became satellite states under Soviet control after the end of the war.

Question 36

What was the Berlin blockade?

Answer 36

In June 1948, Stalin decided to shut off land routes across the Soviet-controlled zone of Germany into the Western-controlled areas of Berlin. The Western zone of Berlin was now cut off from the Western part of Germany, with no communication and food running out.

Question 37

What was the Berlin Airlift?

Answer 37

When the western powers flew food,coal and other necessities into the western zone of Berlin,in order to avoid the land blockade imposed by Stalin.

Question 38

What was the Hungarian Uprising in 1956?

Answer 38

When the Hungarain people complained about their poor living conditions.Khrushchev sent soviet troops to restore order and replace the leader Raoski with former presidemt Imre Nagy.

Question 39

Continuing with Hungarian uprising?

Answer 39

Although Khrushchev accepted these reforms as long as they calmed unrest, he would not accept Nagy’s announcement Although Khrushchev accepted these reforms as long as they calmed unrest, he would not accept Nagy’s announcement on 1st November 1956 that Hungary would be leaving the Warsaw Pact. This could set a precedent for other Eastern European countries to do the same. On 4th November, Soviet troops invaded Hungary and crushed the uprising, killing around 20,000 Hungarians.

Question 40

What happened on the 5th March 1983

Answer 40

On the 5th of March Stalin died and he was replaced by Nikita Khrushchev and called for peaceful co-exsistence in the west.

Question 41

Reasons for reductions in tensions

Answer 41

The Geneva Summit,The end of the Korean War,Defence Spending,new leaders.

Question 42

What was the geneva Summit?

Answer 42

On July 1955 a summit meeting in Geneva occured between The East and West. Even though no agreement had been reached there was a much better and improved atmosphere.

Question 43

Building the Berlin wall?

Answer 43

On 12th August 1961, East German troops built a barbed wire fence around Berlin and between the Eastern and Western parts of the city. Soon after, a concrete wall was built to separate them.