Cold War

Question 1

What was the cold war?

Answer 1

Between USA and USSR. Never directly fought against each other but was conflict in Vietnam, Cuba, Korea and Afghanistan. Both sides had nuclear tech

Question 2

When was the Yalta conference?

Answer 2

Feb 1945

Question 3

Which 3 countries met at Yalta and name the leaders

Answer 3

Britain -> Churchill
Russia -> Stalin
USA -> Roosevelt

Question 4

When was the Potsdam conference?

Answer 4

July to Aug 1945

Question 5

Which 3 countries met at Potsdam and name the leaders

Answer 5

Britain - Attlee
Russia -> Stalin
USA -> Truman

Question 6

What was discussed and agreed at Yalta?

Answer 6

Germany split into 4 zones and pay reparations
Free elections in Eastern European countries
UN formation
Russia to join war against Japan after WW2

Question 7

What was discussed and agreed at Potsdam?

Answer 7

Nazi war criminals should face justice

Nazi party banned and leaders to be trialled

Question 8

What were the disagreements at Potsdam?

Answer 8

What would happen at Germany
Reparations
Soviet policies of Eastern Europe
Boundaries between Soviet Union and Europe

Question 9

Why was Germany disagreed at Potsdam?

Answer 9

Stalin wanted to cripple it to protect the USSR, but Truman didn’t want to repeat the mistake of Versailles

Question 10

Why were the reparations disagreed at Potsdam?

Answer 10

Stalin wanted lots of compensation but the allies disagreed -> Stalin got whatever he wanted from the Soviet zone and 10% of equipment of the Western zones

Question 11

Why were Soviet policies of Eastern Europe disagreed?

Answer 11

Stalin said “If the slav people are united, nobody will put a finger against them”
Soviet Gov in Poland which angered Truman

Question 12

Describe The Berlin blockade?

Answer 12

Lasted 318 days
Allies delivered 5000 tonnes of coal, food, oil per day
Lifted on May 5th 1949
Stalin blocked roads, railways and canals

Question 13

What was the iron curtain?

Answer 13

The boundary dividing the EU into 2 separate zones
Divide between Comm and Capitalism
A term introduced in a speech by Churchill in March 46
9 months after Potsdam when Stalin got total control of East EU

Question 14

What was the policy of containment and who made it in which doctrine?

Answer 14

Prevention of the spread of Communism. Truman said it in a speech which is known as Truman Doctrine

Question 15

What was the trigger of the Truman Doctrine

Answer 15

When Britain couldn’t defend Greece anymore

Question 16

What was going on in Greece at the time when Britain was involved in it?

Answer 16

Civil war between Communists and Monarchists

Question 17

Which side were Britain fighting on in Greece, and when they wanted to pull out, who funded them?

Answer 17

Monarchists. Feb 1947 - Truman provided money to pay for the British army

Question 18

Why did Truman send George Marshall to Europe? (Why did he think Communism would spread?)

Answer 18

He believed Communism spread when people faced poverty and hardship. Marshall was sent to assess the economic state of Europe

Question 19

How much money did European countries owe to America before the Marshall plan?

Answer 19

$11.5 billion

Question 20

What did Churchill describe Britain as after WW2?

Answer 20

A rubble heap and a breeding ground of gate

Question 21

How much money did Marshall tell Truman was needed?

Answer 21

$17 Billion

Question 22

Why did Truman want to implement the Marshall plan?

Answer 22

Because he wanted to still be able to trade with the countries and avoid another depression

Question 23

What did Stalin do when he heard about Marshall aid?

Answer 23

Forbid any East European country to apply for it

Question 24

Why did Stalin launch the Berlin blockade?

Answer 24

Wanted to keep Germany crippled and would force Allies out and make them dependent on USSR
He didn’t want Capitalism in East Germany or Berlin
He thought the West were making it too strong

Question 25

What was the new currency the allies introduced in West Germany?

Answer 25

Deutschmarck

Question 26

Why was West Germany embarrassing East Germany and what was the effect of this?

Answer 26

The wealth of West Germany was embarrassing Communism. People from East Germany were moving to West Germany as the quality of life was better

Question 27

Why did the Allies launch an airlift?

Answer 27

Needed to supply 2 million people
Make West Berlin stay democratic
Truman wanted to show he was serious and not bow down to aggression
They were fairly confident Stalin wouldn’t shoot their planes down