Cold War

Question 1

What were the three conferences toward the end of the world war 2 called ?

Answer 1

Tehran
Yalta
Potsdam

Question 2

When and what five things were agreed at the Tehran conference ?

Answer 2

1943 .
1 . It was agreed that the USA and Britain would open up a second front and launch an attack on Germany from the west .
2 . Roosevelt , Churchill and Stalin agreed upon their future influence in europe.
3. Stalin should take Japan once the war was over
4 . Poland should recieve land
5. They agreed upon the formation of NATO

Question 3

What was one thing that was disagreed at the conference ?

Answer 3

Disagreed about Germany’s future because Stalin wanted reperations from Germany however Roosevelt and Churchill wanted Germany rebuilt .

Question 4

When and what four things were agreed upon at the Yalta conference ?

Answer 4

1945
1. Germany would officically be split into four zones , Usa , Britain , France and USSR
2. UN was officially set up
3. Free elections in Germany
4. Eastern europe would be a soviet sphere of influence

Question 5

What were the changes between the Yolta and Potsdam conferences ?

Answer 5

Roosevelt died and was replaced by Truman
Winston Churchill lost the election and was replaced by Clement Attlee
The creation of the Atomic bomb

Question 6

When and what three things were agreed upon at the Potsdam conference ?

Answer 6

1. Banned the Nazi party
2. Berlin to also be divided into four zones
3. Germany paid 20 billion in reperations

Question 7

When and what was the iron curtain speech ?

Answer 7

1946 . Churchill made a speech highlighting the increasing control from Moscow and that Stalin wants to create a divison between communist and capatalist europe . It implied that Stalin was a threat and he wanted the US support to prevent communism spreading .

Question 8

What were the two main causes of the Iron curtain speech ?

Answer 8

1. Stalin had started to put soviet friendly governments into eastern european countries
2. The Buffer zone was created

Question 9

When and what was the Truman doctrine ?

Answer 9

1947 .
The Truman doctrine was a foreign policy outlining the urgency to contain communism , and the USA were prepared to do so by using economic and military power .

Question 10

What did the Russians do as a result of the Truman doctrine ? When did they do it ?

Answer 10

They created Cominform just after the Truman doctrine . It was made to keep control over satellite states and make sure they took order from Moscow .

Question 11

When and what was the marshall plan ?

Answer 11

1948 .
The Marshall plan was 13 billion dollars given to western europe to rebuild .

Question 12

What did the Marshall plan hope to achieve ?

Answer 12

Help Europe recover
Made communism look less attractive
New markets to trade with other countries

Question 13

How did the Marshall plan have an impact on the USSR ?

Answer 13

Made the USSR furious
Made the division in europe bigger

Question 14

When and what did the USSR create in response to the Marshall plan ?

Answer 14

1949 .
They created Comecon . This was made to support and develop satellite state .

Question 15

When and what was the Berlin crisis ?

Answer 15

1957 .
The Berlin crisis was when people decided to flee east berlin and go to west berlin instead.

Question 16

Why did people go over to western Berlin ?

Answer 16

The living standards were terrible
There were shortages of basic goods
The western berliners had a better way of life

Question 17

Why could Kruschev not allow the Berlin crisis to carry on ?

Answer 17

Because skilled workers that were important to the economy started leaving and the USSR were facing a Propoganda disaster .

Question 18

What was Kruschevs Berlin Ultimatum ?

Answer 18

. Kruschev issued a Berlin Ultimatum that said Berlin should be demiliterised and western troops withdrawn
. Berlin should be a free city

Question 19

How did the Berlin Ultimatum impact international relations ?

Answer 19

The west were outraged , they saw his actions as a spread of communism .

Question 20

What happened as a result of the Berlin crisis ?

Answer 20

The West decided that meetings needed to be held to solve the situation

Question 21

What were four summit meetings called between 1959 and 61 ?

Answer 21

Geneva
Camp david
Paris
Vienna

Question 22

When and what was agreed upon at Geneva ?

Answer 22

1959 .
No real agreements made .

Question 23

When and what was agreed at Camp David ?

Answer 23

1959 .
No solutions were made . However the soviets withdrew their Berlin Ultimatum .

Question 24

When and what was agreed upon at the Paris conference ?

Answer 24

1960 .
U-2 spy planes as it flew over the soviet union . Kruschev storms out after Eisenhower refused to apoligise about the incident .

Question 25

When and what was agreed upon at Vienna ?

Answer 25

1961.
Kennedy decided to resolve diffulcties with soviet union . Kruschev believed that JFK had no experience in foreign affairs and so repeats the Berlin Ultimatum . No final decision on Berlin and the relationship is strained.

Question 26

When was the Berlin wall made ?

Answer 26

1961

Question 27

What happened in 1961 in germany specifically Berlin ?

Answer 27

The East german government surrounded Berlin with barbed wire , closed the border between East and West Berlin .

Question 28

What were the impacts of the Berlin wall ?

Answer 28

Tensions increased
Kruschev stopped the refugee problem , embarrasing that they needed a wall to keep people to stay
America had failed to do anything about the wall .

Question 29

What were the events of the Bay of pigs invasion ?

Answer 29

1. Fidel Castro took power over Cuba
2. He looked to Eisenhower for help but he refused to talk
3. At the united nations conference meeting , the USSR offered their support to Castro .
4. Castro was drawn to communism , he removed all american compensation
5. The USA took action and stopped trading goods with Cuba , this backfired as he looked to the USSR instead.
6. JFK was installed as president and approved a plan to invade and overthrow communism
7. The USA landed 1400 cuban exiles at the bay of the pigs to provoke an anti communist uprising, however last minute Kennedy called it off and cancelled air support
8. The rebels were either captured or killed , JFK was blamed .
9. Massive embarassement and 53 million lost .

Question 30

When was the cuban missile crisis ?

Answer 30

1962

Question 31

Events of the Cuban missile crisis ?

Answer 31

1. U2 spy planes spot nuclear missiles on Cuba
2. President Kennedy decided to blockade Cuba .
3. Soviet ships turned around as soon as they saw the blockade
4. Krushev sent a letter promising to remove missiles if the blockade was lifted .
5. Before this message was recieved he sent another message and asked Kennedy to remove the missiles in Turkey .

Question 32

What were the main consequences of the Cuban missile crisis ?

Answer 32

Washington - moscow hotline created
Test ban treaty
Outer space treaty
Nuclear non proliferation treaty
Krushev fired

Question 33

What were two causes of the cuban missile crisis ?

Answer 33

1. The bay of pigs
2. The spotting of the U2 spy plane

Question 34

What was life like before Dubcek came to power in 1968 ?

Answer 34

The economy was terrible
Living standards fell
Czech people demanded changes

Question 35

What 6 main things did Dubcek introduce in Czechoslavakia ?

Answer 35

1. Anti communist newspaper
2. Ended censorship - suppression of speech and public communication
3. He revealed the crimes of Stalin
4. Secret police lessened
5. Multi party elections were allowed
6. Western styles and visitors poured in

Question 36

What was the Prague spring ?

Answer 36

A period of reform and change for the czech people who believed their lives were changed for the better by Dubcek .

Question 37

What did Brezhnev do as a result of Dubcek going too far with his reforms ?

Answer 37

On August 1968 he sent in 500 , 000 warsaw troops that were met with little opposition . Dubcek was arrested and sent to Moscow to reverse all the changes he had made.

Question 38

What did Brezhnev do after he took kruschev from power ?

Answer 38

Created the Brezhnev doctrine which outlined that the USSR will invade any eastern european country if security of it is threatened .

Question 39

What was detente ?

Answer 39

A thaw in relations between USA and USSR . Time of peace innit .

Question 40

What year did detente really start ?

Answer 40

1970

Question 41

Why did the USA want detente ?

Answer 41

Because they wanted to end the war in vietnam and focus on problems they had in their own country . They believed that the arms race was expensive .

Question 42

Why did the USSR want Detente ?

Answer 42

They already had poor living standards and the economy was not developing fast enough and building nuclear weapons was expensive . They also figured they were no match to the USSR’s nuclear weapons.

Question 43

Was there pressure from europe to improve relations between the USSR and USA ? If so who and what did they do ?

Answer 43

Yes there was . Will brandt the newly elected chancellor of west germany followed a policy of ostopolotik which involved building better relations .

Question 44

When and what was SALT 1 ?

Answer 44

1972
The treaty was a result of several years of difficult negotiations about which weapons should be limited . Both countries agreed to restrict the amount of nuclear weapons they used .

Question 45

What and when were the Hielsinki accords ?

Answer 45

An announcment had been made in 1973 , that stated that an agreement had been reached in three areas or ‘ baskets’ .

Question 46

What were the three baskets in the Hielsinki accords ?

Answer 46

1. European borders - improved security of country borders
2. International co-operation - economy and trade
3. Human rights - freedoms of speech and religion all across europe

Question 47

Was the Hielsinki accords the high point of detente ?

Answer 47

Yes

Question 48

What event stopped SALT 2 from being rattified ?

Answer 48

The soviet invasion of Afghanistain in 1979

Question 49

The events of Afghanistan and soviet invasion .

Answer 49

1. Pro soviet government under Taraki came to power in Afghanistan with assitance from Moscow
2. Government overthrown by Amin - soviets initially support Amin but began to suspect he was looking for the US for support .
3. Soviets invade Afghanistan , claiming they had been invited
4. Amin assinated and replaced with Karmal a pro soviet

Question 50

What were the reasons for the soviet invasion pf Afghanistan ?

Answer 50

. Oil
. They feared that if Amin won then it would trigger other states to follow aswell .

Question 51

What were the impacts to the soviet invasion of Afghanistan ?

Answer 51

1. End of detente
2. Boycotts / olympics
3. USA supplied the Mujahadeen
4. Carter doctrine - would use force to protect the US interests
5. Salt 2 abondoned

Question 52

When does Gorbachev come to power ?

Answer 52

1985

Question 53

What does Gorbachev do when he comes to power ?

Answer 53

Introduces Glastnost and Perestroika , ends control over satellite states and reduces tensions .

Question 54

What was glastnost ?

Answer 54

Openess