Cold War

Question 1

When was the Tehran conference

Answer 1

Nov-dec 1943

Question 2

What did the Tehran conference include

Answer 2

-The Soviet Union would declare war on Japan once Germany was defeated
-Soviet Union would have parts of Poland

Question 3

When was the Yalta conference

Answer 3

February 1945

Question 4

What did the Yalta conference include

Answer 4

-Germany would reduce in size, divided and demilitarised
-also pay reparations
-UN set up
-the Soviet Union would declare war on Japan once Germany was defeated

Question 5

When was the Potsdam conference

Answer 5

July-Aug 1945

Question 6

What did the Potsdam conference include

Answer 6

-the nazi party was banned and war criminals were to be prosecuted
-Germany divided into four zones run by: France, Britain, Soviet Union and USA
-Berlin was also divided up into four zones of occupation

Question 7

What happened to the grand alliance after the war

Answer 7

-Roosevelt believed that he could work with the Soviet Union after the war through the UN
-Truman and Churchill was more suspicious of them and increased tensions

Question 8

Why didn’t Truman trust Stalin?

Answer 8

He had broken the promises he made over Poland at Yalta

Question 9

What did the USA, Britain and other capitalist countries say about communism

Answer 9

They said that communism enslaved people to the state and capitalism was based on freedom and democracy

Question 10

The long telegram (1946)

Answer 10

A secret report from the us ambassador Kennan in Moscow to president Truman

Question 11

What did the Long telegram say?

Answer 11

-the Soviet Union saw capitalism as a threat to communism that had to be destroyed
- the Soviet Union was building its military power
-peace between a communist Soviet Union and a capitalist USA wasn’t possible

Question 12

Novikovs telegram (1946)

Answer 12

A report from novikov, Soviet ambassador to the USA

Question 13

What did Novikovs telegram tell Stalin

Answer 13

-the USA wanted world domination and was building up its military power
-the Soviet Union was the only country left after the war that could stand up to the USA
-the USA was preparing its people for war with the Soviet Union

Question 14

Satellite states

Answer 14

Between 1947-1949 the Soviet Union spread its sphere of influence to neighbouring counties. Countries like Poland and Hungary became ‘satellite states’ under the control of the Soviet union

Question 15

All the countries that became communist due to Soviet influence

Answer 15

-Bulgaria
-Romania
-Poland
-Hungary
-Czechoslovakia
-east Germany

Question 16

The Truman doctrine (1947)

Answer 16

Truman set out why the USA should get involved:
-countries faced a choice between either capitalism or communism
-communism was bad because it meant people couldn’t be free
-the USA must try to contain this spread of communism
-the USA should provide money and troops to help free governments to combat communist takeovers

Question 17

The Marshall plan (1947)

Answer 17

-about $13 billion from the USA to help rebuild Europe
-countries must train with the USA to get money
-16 Western European countries took the money including Britain, France and west Germany
-the Soviet Union criticised the Marshall plan as an attack on them because it threatened communist control in Eastern Europe

Question 18

Cominform

Answer 18

-Stood for communist information Bureau.
-Stalin set up in 1947
-organised all the communist parties in Europe and arranged their leadership so they would do what Moscow told them to do.
-it encouraged communist parties in western countries to block Marshall plan assistance

Question 19

Comecon

Answer 19

-stood for the council for mutual economic assistance.
-Stalin set it up in 1949
-Soviet unions alternative to the Marshall plan
-built up trade links between Comecon countries
-also prevented Comecon countries from signing up to the Marshall plan

Question 20

The North Atlantic treaty organisation
(NATO)

Answer 20

-nato was set up in 1949. It was a military alliance made up of the USA, Britain, Canada, Holland, Belgium, France, Denmark and Norway
-based around the principle of collective security

Question 21

The Berlin airlift

Answer 21

-west Berlin couldn’t last for many days without supplies
-looked like western powers would have to pull out of Berlin( would look weak)
-between 26th June 1948 - 30th sept 1949, thousands of tonnes of supplies were flown daily into Berlin

Question 22

The Berlin blockade

Answer 22

24th June 1948 - 12th may 1949, cutting off all land and river transit between West Berlin and west Germany

Question 23

The arms race

Answer 23

A period of intense competition between the USA and Soviet Union during the Cold War to build up their military forces, especially nuclear weapons

Question 24

Warsaw pact

Answer 24

-set up 14th may 1955
-was a collective defence treaty Involving the Soviet Union, Poland, Hungary, east Germany, Czech. Romania, Albania and Bulgaria
- strengthen the Soviet hold over the other participating countries

Question 25

Impact of Soviet rule over Hungary

Answer 25

-Hungary suffered a lot under stalins control
- food and industrial products were shipped off to Russia
- any opposition in Hungary was ruthlessly wiped out

Question 26

Destalinisation

Answer 26

-stalin died, Khrushchev took over as Soviet leader in 1956
- in his secret speech he hinted that Soviet control would relax
-oct 1956 Hungarians pulled down statue of Stalin due to poor harvests and bread shortages
Khrushchev appointed imre Nagy as primister to calm things down

Question 27

Soviet invasion of Hungary 1956

Answer 27

4th nov 1956, 6000 Soviet tanks crossed the Hungarian border
-bitter street fighting occurred and 30,000 were killed

Question 28

The brain drain

Answer 28

Skilled professionals left east Germany for life in the west
-by 1958- 3 million east Germany had crossed- 20000 people a day
- in one day the entire maths department of leipzig uni left

Question 29

The bay of pigs
(What the cia told Kennedy)

Answer 29

What the cia told Kennedy:
-The invasion will look like a Cuban revolt - we’ve trained Cuban exiles and disguised old US planes as Cuban
-Castro’s control of Cuba is very weak
-most Cubans hate Castro

Question 30

The bay of pigs
(What actually happened)

Answer 30

-the planes were recognised as US planes and photographed, and the info was published, world knew USA backed the invasion
- Castro knows of the invasion in advance and 14000 US backed troops met 20000 of castros troops (US troops surrendered)

Question 31

The Prague spring
(5th jan 1968 - 21 aug 1968)

Answer 31

Czechoslovakia broke free from Soviet rule, allowing freedom of speech and removing some state control

Question 32

Why the Berlin Wall was built

Answer 32

• Khrushchev backed down: he knew he couldn’t with a nuclear war
• despite the Berlin ultimatum the western powers stayed in Berlin
• anyone trying to escape was shot and many were killed
• stopped East Germans leaving for the west (solved the crisis)

Question 33

The Cuban missile crisis
(1962)

Answer 33

-Kennedy placed a naval ‘quarantine’(to stop war happening) in Cuba to prevent further Soviet shipment of missiles
- invasion of Cuba
-air strikes against the missile bases
- no action

Question 34

Consequences of Cuban missile crisis

Answer 34

-soviets pulled their nuclear missiles out of Cuba
-USA subsequently and quietly pulled their nuclear missiles out of turkey

Question 35

The fall of the Berlin wall
(November 1989)

Answer 35

During the peaceful revolution, marked the beginning of the destruction of the Berlin Wall and the figurative iron curtain, as east Berlin transit restrictions were overwhelmed and discarded