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Cold war Flashcards

1
Q

List the 3 confrences?

A

Tehran
Yalta
Postdam

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2
Q

What was agreed in the Terhan Confrence?

A

1.USA and Britian agreed to open a second frony by invading the nazis.
2.Soviet Union would declare war on Japan after germany defeat.
3.Agreed that an international body would be set up to settle future dispute.The united nations.
4.Border of Poland would be moved westward

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3
Q

What was agreed in the Yalta Confrence?

A

1.Germany(when defeated) would be reduced in size,divided and demilitrasied.It would pay reparations.
2.The UN would be set up.
3.Soviet Union would declare on Japan after Germany defeated.
4.Polan would be run democraticly but be in the Soviet sphere of Influence.

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4
Q

What was agreed in the Postdam Confrence?

A

1.Coucil of foreign Ministers was set to rebuild europe.
2.Nazi party was banned and war criminals to be prosecuted.
3.Germany divided into 4 zones run by Britain USA Franze and soviet
4.Soviet Union was to recieve 25% of output from other 3 occupied zones.

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5
Q

What year was Terhan confrece and Yalta.

A

1943

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6
Q

What year was Postdam.

A

1945

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7
Q

When was both the Long Telegram and the Novikov Telegram?

A

1946.

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8
Q

3 thing stated in Long telgram ?

A

1.USSR saw capatalism as a threat to communism that had to be destroyed.
2.USSR was building its military power.
3.Peace wasnt possible

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9
Q

3 thing stated in Novikovetelgram ?

A

1.USA wanted world domination and was building its military power.
2.Ussr was the only country able to stand up against USA
3.USA preparing for war.

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10
Q

Who recieved most moey from Marshall Plan?

A

USA about 26%

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11
Q

What was the consequence of Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan?

A

Comecon and Cominform.

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12
Q

When was Cominform set up?

A

1947

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13
Q

When was comecon set up?

A

1949

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14
Q

What did cominform do?

A

Got rid of any opposition to USSR control in satelite states and encouraged comminist party to block Marshall plan

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15
Q

What did Comecon do?

A

Built trade link between country.
Prevent comecon country to use marshall plan2

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16
Q

When was Nato created and what did it do?

A

1949 and made up of Country like US Canada France.It was militray alliance which basically said if one country attacked the other would join.

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17
Q

2 Consequence of Nato?

A

1.USSR wants to strenghten grip on East Europ ans so let to frormation of Warsaw pact.
2.Nato showed even after Berlin Blockade neither USA or West europ were prepared to accept soviet aggression.

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18
Q

When was Berlin Blockade.

A

1948

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19
Q

How did USA react to Berlin Blockade?

A

Berlin airlift.

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20
Q

When was Berlin airlift?

A

June 1948-Sept 1949

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21
Q

What were the 3 consequence of Berlin Airlift on West Germany?

A

1.Usa appeared peaceful generous,
2.West Germany was formed
3.Nato formed

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22
Q

What were the 3 consequence of Berlin Airlift on East Germany?

A

1.USSR appeared aggresive and threatening,
2.East Germany was formed
3.Warsaw pact formed

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23
Q

When was the Warsaw pact formed?

A

May 1955

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24
Q

What was the consequence of the Warsaw Pact?

A

1.2 opposing alliance sperated by iron curtain.
2.Both alliance planned for military action against each other ,even Nukes.
3.Strenghen grip of Satelite States as they have armed force,

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25
When was the Soviet Invasion of Hungary?
1956
26
As a result of Nagy reform In Hungary what did Khrushchev do?
Sent 200000 Soviet troops to despose of Nagy and restore order.
27
Consequence of Soviet Invasion of Hungary
1.6000 died ,5000 soilder of Nagy and 1000 Soviet Soilder. 2.Nagy disposed and made an example of by executing him 3.New leader Kadar appointed and introduced 15 point system which aimed to restablish Communist rule.
28
International Consequence to Soviet Invasion of Hungary?
1.Some country boycotted the 1956 Olympics in protest 2.USA supported Hungary with money and medical aids.USA accepted 80000 refugees from Hungary.
29
What was the refugee problem In Berlin.
between 1949 and 1961 2.7 million East German left for West Germany.
30
When was the Khreushchevs Berlin Ultimatum and What didi it state.
1958 and he stated that Berlin Belong to East Germany and so Western soilder in Berlin must leave,
31
What was the Consequeence of Berlin Ultimatum? and list in order,
The sumits Geneva Camp David Paris Summit Vienna confrence.
32
What happen in Geneva and Camp David?
No solution but agreed to another summit.
33
What happen in Paris summit.
Disaster.Khrushchev stormed out as a US Spy Plane was shot over Russia.
34
What happen in Vienna Confrence.
Neither willing to back down.Khrushchev saw Keneddy inexperience and weakness,
35
What was the consequence of the Bay of Pigs (1961)?
1.Ended all chance of a friendly USA-CUBA relationship 2.Castro announced he a communist, 3.Cuba and USSR built closer ties.
36
In Jan 1968 who became leader of Czech and why was he controversial?
Dubcek and he wanted more freedom less censorship more democracy allowed.He also wanted to reform the market with market socialism.The power of Secret police were rediced.
37
What did Brezhnev do in response to dubek reform?
Invade Czech
38
When did Brezhnev invade Czech?
1968
39
When was the Beriln built and why was it built?
1961 and in response to failure of all the summits.He didnt want to risk nuclear war.
40
What was the consequence of the Brezhnev doctrine?
1.USSR declared the right to invade and Easter bloc country that threatened the security of the whole easter block. 2.West europe in response were horrified and set up themselves from the Soviet Communism Party. 3.Usa condemed the invasion but did nothing
41
3 consequence of the Beril wall?
1.Wall was humiliation for the USSR and propoganda victory for the West as is suggest the East preffered living in the West and therefore they had to force them to stay in the east. 2.Wall was a barrier betweem the freedom enjoyed by the west and those denied in the East.It meant the West was an enduring symbol of freedom, shown by 200 dead trying to cross the border. 3.Solved the refugee problem as East could no longer west,Kenedy says althought not a nice solution it is far better that war.
42
4 Long term consequence of the Cuban Missile Crisis?
1.The Hotline agreement created a direct communication link between Washington and Moscow this allowed for communication for future sitsuations that could be solved by talking. 2.Both signed the Limited Test ban Treaty - both sides agreed to ban all nuclear weapon testing except for underground tests. 3.Both signed Outer space treaty in 1967 which stated that nuclear weapons are not to be deployed in space. 4.USSR determined to catch up to USA in arms race to assure Mutually assured destruction as a detternt to war.
43
2 short term consequence of Cuban Missile Crisis?
1.Kenedy gave assuramce the USA wouldnt invade Cuba again. 2.Ussr looked weak as world didnt know USA removed their missile from Turkey.This undermined Khrushchev allowing for Brezhnev to replace him.
44
What was the 2 international reaction to The soviet measure in Czechoslovakia?
1.The UN and West Germany condemed the invasion and the Doctrine that followed.They called it the rape of Czech. 2.Communist leader in France and Italy were appalled by the invasion and began to end their link with the Soviet union
45
What was 3 impact on the east of the Soviet invasion of Czecholslovakia?
1.Limited reform in other Easter block country as they feared invasion 2.Invasion strenghthened Soviet Control over the Eastern Bloc as they used military force to ensure their dominance. 3.Romania and Yugolsavia signed alliance with communist China showing divide in communist world.
46
What 2 things detente brang to the table in the 1970s?
Salt 1 and Helsinki Confrence.
47
When was Salt 1 and what was Salt 1..
1972.No futher strategic ballistic missilesNo more nuclear missile launcher.Only 2 ABM deployment area.
48
What was thhe Helsinki agreement?
A agreement that was signed by 35 countries that agreed on security issue ,coperations ,human rights and borders.
49
What was the 3 baskets about?
security economic Human right.
50
What is the 3 significance of the Helsinki accords?
1.Helped USA and USSR form a stable relationship. 2.Represent the high point of detente. 3.More US-Soviet copperations like a joint space mission and trade agreement.
51
What was Salt 2 (1979) and who was it signed by?
Brezhnev and Jimmy carter.It limited each superpower to 2250 warheads.
52
Why did Salt 2 fail 3 reason?
1.Some West German opposed the treaty as it weakened defence of West Germany.They thought USA would be less likely to use nuke if west Germany was attacked. 2.US Politicians thought treaty gave many concession to the USSR. 3.Us-soviet realtion detered after soviet invaded afghan in 1979.US Senate never approved the treaty.
53
When reagan was first elected what did he think about USSR and what did he do(4 points)
1.Described USSR as an evil empire 2.started arms race again 3.Poured money to develope new missile tech 4.US technology developing fast.
54
Why did Reagan change his heart?(3 reason)
1.Public opinion was against arms race especiall in europe. 2.Gorbachev was popular in the West and even USA.There was Gorbymania 3.Reagan liked Gorbachev and prepared to work to improve relation.The Geneva summit went well.
55
What was the significance of Reagans and Gorbachev changing attitude?
1.Represnt an easing of cold war 2. Led to greater Cooperation between USA and USSR. 3.Led to arms control agreements the INF treaty and START 1.
56
What 2 things happen in reykjavik oct 1986?
1.Reagan and Gorbachev said they would cut down the number of nukes. 2.Gorbachev wanted to end reagans SDI(Satelite in space that destroyed nuclear weapons) but reagan disagreed.
57
When was the INF Treaty?
Dec 1987
58
What was the INF treaty?
Got rid of all intermidate range nuclear forces (500-5500km) nuclear weapons.
59
When was Soviet invasion of Afghanistan?
1979.
60
3 main consequence of Soviet invasion Of Afghanistan?
1.Carter Doctrine 2.End of Salt 2 3.The Olympic Boycotts.
61
When was the Jimmy Carter Doctrine?
1980
62
What was the Jimmy Carter Doctine?
1.Threatened to use force if USSR attempted to take controle of persian gulf. 2.USA imposed economic sanctions-No trade with USSR.USA could no longer import oil or export grain 3.USA and allies provide assistance the the mujahideen.Usa was backing a war agians the USSR.
63
Why did SALT 2 end?
1980 USA broke diplomatic relations with USSR and US senate refuse to sign SALT 2.In fact they builts its own nuclear weapons and kind of restarted arms race.
64
Why did Reagan introduce SDI/star wars and why did USSR not approve.
Previously the nuclear stratergy was MAD Mutually assured disstruction.Making it too risky to start a war.But reagan wanted to win cold war sp launcheed SDI.They believed it went agains the Outer space treaty (1967)
65
When did USA boycott olympics and what did it lead to?
1980 in Moscow and then soviet union boycotted the LA olympics games in 1984.Brought end to cooperations and sporting competition between USA and USSR.
66
5 Reasons why US-Soviet realtion deter between 1979 and 1984?
1.Olympic Boycott 2.The ongoing war after the invasion of Afghanistan 3.THe election of Reagan who was anit communist. 4.Breakdown of the SALT 2 arms negoatiation 5.USA restarting arms race and the USA SDI.Due to soviet economy they couldnt keep up.
67
What was SDI/star wars?
Satelite lasers in space that would destroy Soviet intercontinental nuclear missile before reaching USA.
68
When did he lauch SDI/star wars?
1983
69
3 reasons for the collapse of soviet control?
1.Grobachev scrapping the Brezhnev doctine? 2.Fall of Berlin Wall 3.Gorbachev new thinking with Perestrokia and glasnot.
70
What did the fall of ther berlin wall to the Germany?
1.East Germany no longer exist and became part of a united germany 2.USSR withdraw troops from what was East Germany 3.British France and USA troops remained in West Germany/
71
What was the 5 consequence of the Fall of Beriln Wall internationally.
End of Warsaw pact 1991. Withdrawal of USSR troops from East Europe Nato continued but with many former memb er of warsaw pact At START in 1991 the USA and USSR agreed to set limits on nukes by a 1/3. The begining og the end of the cold war,
72
What was Perestrokia ?
Restructuring the Soviet enconomy .A new way of doing this.It in fact only made the economy worse.

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