Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

History > Cold War > Flashcards

Cold War Flashcards

1
Q

What happened in 1945?

A

Leaders of the USA, UK and USSR met to decide what happened after WWII.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What year was the Tehran Conference?

A

1943

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What was agreed in the Tehran Conference?

A

-USA and UK agreed to open a second front by invading France.
-USSR would declare war on Japan when Germany was defeated.
-Poland’s borders to be moved westward.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What year was the Yalta Conference?

A

1945

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What was agreed in the Yalta Conference?

A

-Germany divided & demilitarised and pay war reparations.
-UN set up
-Liberated countries to have free elections
-USSR declares war on Japan when Germany is defeated
-Poland in the USSR’s sphere of influence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What year was the Potsdam Conference?

A

1945

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What was agreed in the Potsdam Conference?

A

-Nazi Party banned & war criminals prosecuted
-Germany & Berlin divided into 4 sectors (controlled each by USA, UK, USSR, France)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the order of conferences?

A

-Tehran
-Yalta
-Potsdam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Who was the USSR leader in 1946?
When did he die?

A

-Stalin
-Died in 1953

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Who was the USA leader in 1946?
When did he leave office?

A

-Truman
-Left office in 1953

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What happened in 1946?

A

-Long Telegram
-Novikov’s Telegram

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What did the US ambassador in Moscow tell Truman?

A

-USSR saw capitalism as a threat to communism and had to be destroyed
-USSR building up its military power
-Peace between USA & USSR was not possible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What did the Soviet ambassador in Washington tell Stalin?

A

-USA wanted world domination
-USA was building up its military strength
-USSR was the only country left that could stand up to the USA
USA was preparing its people for war with the USSR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

When was the Truman Doctrine introduced?

A

1947

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What did the Truman Doctrine say?

A

USA would use $400 million in military and economic means to stop communism from spreading and contain it in Eastern Europe.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What wars was the Truman Doctrine used in?

A

-Greek civil war
-Turkish civil war
-Vietnam War
-Korean War

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

When was the Marshall Aid introduced?

A

1947

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What did the Marshall Aid say?

A

USA would give $13.3 billion to help rebuild Europe but they must trade with the USA to get the money. (16 countries took it).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Why was the Marshall Aid introduced?

A

After WW2, people in Europe had no money/jobs so communism looked appealing as they had nothing to lose.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How did the USSR respond to the Marshall Aid?

A

-USSR criticised it saying it is attack on communist Eastern Europe.
-Refused from any communist nations from taking the aid.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

When was Cominform introduced?

A

1947

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What did Cominform do?

A

-Gave Stalin more control over Eastern Europe
-Removed any opposition
-Rejected the Marshall Aid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

From what years was the Berlin Airlift?

A

1948-9

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

From what years was the Berlin Blockade?

A

1948-9

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What happened in the Berlin Blockade?

A

-The USSR closed all road, rail, and canal links to West Berlin (to force the Allies to leave Berlin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Why did the Berlin Blockade take place?

A

-Allied part of Germany had a new, better currency than the East which helped them to develop faster.
-East Germany grew almost all the food West Germany ate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What was the Berlin Airlift a result of?

A

The Berlin Blockade

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

How long was the Berlin Airlift?

A

15 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What was the rate in which the planes landed?

A

1 plane every 90 seconds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What was the consequences of the Berlin Airlift?

A

-Made Stalin look weak
-NATO was formed
- West & East Germany became different countries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What was the official name of West Germany?

A

The Federal Republic of Germany (FRG)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What was the official name of East Germany?

A

The German Democratic Republic (GDR)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

When was Comecon formed?

A

1949

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What was the purpose of Comecon?

A

Better trade links with Comecon countries
-Gave USSR more control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

When was NATO formed?

A

1949

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What was the purpose of NATO?

A

-That if 1 member was attacked, other countries had to assist it
-Aimed directly at Eastern Europe and USSR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What does NATO stand for?

A

North Atlantic Treaty Organisation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What was the consequences of NATO?

A

-Increased tensions
-Formation of the Warsaw Pact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

When did the USSR test their first atomic bomb?

A

1949

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What was the significance of the USSR testing their first atomic bomb?

A

-Now that the USSR had nuclear weapons, the USA didn’t have a nuclear deterrent
-Created an arms race
-Concept of MAD (Mutually Assured Destruction) if there was a nuclear war, both sides would be destroyed

41
Q

When did the Korean War start and end?

A

1950-1953

42
Q

What happened in the Korean War?

A
  • Now that the USSR had nukes, they backed the North to invade the South
    -Using the Truman Doctrine, the USA and UN forces backed the South and retook Seoul and pushed the North Korean forces to the China-Korea border
    -China feared that the forces would keep on pushing into its territory so China backed Korea and ended in a stalemate almost where it all began from
43
Q

When was the Vietnam war?

A

1954-75

44
Q

What happened in the Vietnam war?

A
  • Communist North invaded the South and the USA intervened as it feared the Domino effect
    The USA eventually lost as they were no match for the North’s guerilla tactics
    -The USA had to pull out due to unpopularity back at home and using chemical weapons
    -The USA dropped more bombs on Vietnam than that was used in WWII
45
Q

When was the Warsaw Pact formed?

A

1955

46
Q

What was the purpose of the Warsaw Pact?

A

Eastern European countries agreed to defend each other against capitalist countries. Formed after West Germany joined Nato.

47
Q

What was the Domino theory?

A

If one country falls to a certain ideology, the countries neighboring it would follow

48
Q

When did Khrushchev takeover the USSR?

A

1955

49
Q

When was Khrushchev’s secret speech?

A

1955

50
Q

What did Khrushchev say in his secret speech?

A

-Stalin was brutal
-Wanted to de-Stalinise the USSR
-End censorship & free political prisoners

51
Q

What was the consequences of Khrushchev’s secret speech?

A

-More freedom of expression
-Lead to Hungarian Uprising

52
Q

When was the Hungarian Uprising?

A

1956

53
Q

What happened in the Hungarian Uprising

A

-After WWII Stalin put Rakosi in charge of Hungary
-He was brutal and called himself ‘Stalin’s best pupil’ while citizens called him the ‘bald butcher’
-Khrushchev replaced him with more moderate Nagy
-Nagy wanted to leave the Warsaw Pact, have free elections, and be a neutral country
-When Nagy asked to leave the Warsaw Pact he sent in 1,000 tanks to stop (he feared that if he let Nagy, other countries would follow)
-He made an example of Nagy by executing him
-USA sent $20M in aid
-Kadar took over and was more moderate so Hungary had better living standards than other Eastern States

54
Q

What major event happened in 1957?
What were the consequences?

A

-The world’s first satellite, Sputnik, was launched into space
-Major morale boost in the USSR
-Major worry for the West

55
Q

When was the Berlin Ultimatum introduced?

A

1958

56
Q

Why was the Berlin Ultimatum introduced?

A

-West Germany’s economy was growing much faster than the east.
-There were also better pay in West Germany so people moved from the East to the West and most skilled workers moved to search for a better life.
-This was good propaganda for the west as people preferred capitalism over communism

57
Q

What did the Berlin Ultimatum state?

A

-All of Berlin belonged to East Germany and that Allied troops had to leave in 6 months

58
Q

What was the outcome of the Berlin Ultimatum?

A

-US rejected it
-Series of summits took place (Geneva, Camp David, Paris)

59
Q

Which years did the Cuban revolution take place?

A

1953-59

60
Q

What happened in the Cuban Revolution?

A

-Castro had kicked out pro-American Batista as he was cruel and unpopular
-Most Cuban land/industries was owned by America and so Castro took it off them and had the support of the people

61
Q

Which summits happened first?
(Geneva, Paris, Camp David)

A

-Geneva
-Camp David
-Paris

62
Q

When was the Geneva Summit?

A

1959

63
Q

What happened in the Geneva summit?

A

No agreement made but further discussions to take place

64
Q

When was the Camp David summit?

A

1959

65
Q

What happened in the Camp David summit?

A

-Khrushchev withdrew his ultimatum
-Agreed further discussions to take place in Paris

66
Q

When was the Paris summit?

A

1960

67
Q

What happened in the Paris summit?

A

-Khrushchev stormed out as the Soviets had shot down an US spy plan in their airspace a few days before
-USA refused to apologise

68
Q

When and why did the USA stop trade with Cuba?

A

-1960
-Cuba had removed American businesses

69
Q

What was the consequence of the USA stopping trade with Cuba?

A

-USSR and Cuba started to trade
-Cuba became an ally of the Soviet Union

70
Q

When was the Bay of Pigs invasion?

A

1961

71
Q

Why did the Bay of Pigs invasion take place?

A

The USA didn’t like a communist country near their mainland

72
Q

What happened in the Bay of Pigs invasion?

A

-USA trained 2,000 Cuban exiles to overthrow Castro
-The US disguised old planes to look like Cuban (because they didn’t want anyone to know that they backed the invasion)
-Castro knew of the invasion in advance so the 2,000 exiles faced 20,000 of Castro’s troops
-Castro won

73
Q

When did Kennedy become President?
When did he die?

A

1961-63

74
Q

When did the Vienna summit take place?

A

1961

75
Q

What happened in the Vienna summit?

A

-Khrushchev met Kennedy for the first time
-Khrushchev thought JFK’s inexperience was a weakness (only in power for 4 months)
-Reissued his Berlin Ultimatum
-USA refused to leave Berlin

76
Q

What happened in 1962?

A

Cuban Missile Crisis

77
Q

How long was the Cuban Missile Crisis?

A

13 days

78
Q

What happened in the Cuban Missile Crises?

A

-A U2 spy plane flying over Cuba saw missile sites being constructed
-The USSR saw Cuba as a way to target American cities it couldn’t before
-Cuba saw it as a way to prevent USA from invading again
-US ordered a blockade of Cuba and went to DEFCON 2 for the first time in history
-USA agreed to remove missiles from Turkey, Italy and not invade Cuba if the USSR removed missiles from Cuba

79
Q

What treaty was signed in 1963?

A

Nuclear Test Ban Treaty

80
Q

What did the Nuclear Test Ban treaty do?

A

Banned testing nukes in the atmosphere or in space (but not underground)

81
Q

When was the Direct Hotline created?
What does it do?
Why was it built?

A

-1963
-Direct hotline set up between Moscow and Washington
- How close the world had come to nuclear war after the Cuban missile crises

82
Q

When did the USA withdraw troops from Vietnam?

A

1973

83
Q

What treaty was signed in 1967?

A

Stops nuclear arms race spreading to outer space

84
Q

What treaty was signed in 1968?

A

Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty

85
Q

What did the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty do?

A

Prevented USA and USSR from supplying nukes to other countries or help them develop it

86
Q

When was the Czechoslovakian Crisis?

A

1968

87
Q

What caused the Czechoslovakian Crisis?

A

-Dubcek made new reforms like freedom of speech, travel and ended censorship
-This became known as the Prague Spring
-Tried to reassure USSR that they will remain in the Warsaw Pact but wanted ‘socialism with a human face’
-USSR warned his reforms were going too far but he didn’t listen
-So 50,000 Warsaw Pact troops invaded

88
Q

What was the consequences of the Czechoslovakian crisis?

A

-Dubcek removed and forced to reverse reforms
-Replaced by Husak
-US condemned but took no action

89
Q

What was signed in 1972?

A

Strategic Arms Limitations Treaty (SALT 1)

90
Q

What was the purpose of SALT 1?

A

Limited the number of ICBM’S, ABM’S & Nuclear subs the USA & USSR were allowed to have

91
Q

What does ICBM stand for?

A

Inter Continental Ballistic Missile

92
Q

What does ABM stand for?

A

Anti Ballistic Missile

93
Q

When was the Helsinki Agreement signed?

A

1975

94
Q

What did the Helsinki Agreement do?

A

-International Co-operation
-Trade between USA and USSR
-Share medical knowledge
-Protect human rights
-Accept new post WWII borders (targeted divided Germany)
-NOT ABOUT WEAPONS

95
Q

Which of the Helsinki Agreements did the USSR break?

A

Holding up Human Rights

96
Q

When did the Soviets invade Afghanistan?

A

1979-89

97
Q

Why did the Soviets invade Afghanistan?

A

-The pro-communist government was overthrown
-USSR thought that Afghanistan was in its sphere of influence so invaded

98
Q

What happened in the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan?
What were the consequences?

A

-50,000 soviet troops invaded
-US responded by sending $23 billion of weapons to the Mujahedeen (anti-communist rebels)
-USA introduced the Carter Doctrine
-SALT 2 never ratified
-Moscow and LA Olympics boycotted

History (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions