Cold - KQ4 (sustainable management)

Question 1

What are the management strategies in Zermatt?

Answer 1

• No cars = electrical vehicles used
• Education for skiers about risks of off piste skiing (= scares animals away and use 60 times more of energy = eat more saplings for energy = damages emerging layer of forest eg hares and deer)
• Educated about environmental impact of dropping litter
• Glaciers covered in blankets (synthetic carpet made of reflective material) stops melting
• ‘Polluter pays’ in Saas Fe (NOT ZERMATT) = hotel owners pay tax on every bag of rubbish produced
• Strict building and zoning laws = new buildings must have traditional look to preserve cultural heritage = also built in consideration for environment

Question 2

What are the advantages of using electric vehicles in Zermatt?

Answer 2

• Reduced congestion
• Promotes public transport and walking
• Reduces CO2 emissions and noise pollution
• Electric taxis for tourists and post delivered by electric vehicle
  HOWEVER
• Many building supplies and heavy items are brought in by truck and helicopter

Question 3

What are the management strategies on the North Slope?

Answer 3

Special construction of oile pipeline
On surface:
- Kept above ground by deep supports that are frozen into permafrost
- Steel pipeline insulated to keep oil warm
- Zig zag line allows pipe to expand and contract = adjust to different temperatures in summer and winter
Underground:
- Insulated in a jacket to maintain permafrost

Question 4

What is the White Mountains National Recreation Area?

Answer 4

• Maintained by BLM
• Wilderness area of 50km north of Fairbanks in central Asia
• Covers 0.4 million hectares
• Established in 1980
• NRA is alpine tundra landscape

Question 5

How is vehicle use managed in the White Mountains?

Answer 5

• Network of ATVs trails = allows hunters to get into wilderness areas more quickly
• Without BLM management = traffic on trails would degrade upper layers of permafrost
• BLM enforced weight restrictions on ATVs and prohibited use in some areas

Question 6

How is gold mining managed in the White Mountains?

Answer 6

• BLM designated 6.5km section of Nome Creek for tourists to do gold mining
• Only done using hand tools in Nome Creek
• No new mining leases granted = prevents further spoil heaps = allows degraded areas to recover and be replanted

Question 7

How is the impact on the wildlife managed in the White Mountains?

Answer 7

• BLM tried to encourage floodplain by grass seeding, planting will trees and fertilising
• Aerial and ground surveying techniques
• Vegetation transects carried out

Question 8

How is hunting and fishing managed in the White Mountains?

Answer 8

• Areas and times are restricted to allow animal’s breeding cycles
• Nome Creek’s Sport Fishery Project = monitors change in fish population over time
• Tourists must have permits = permit revenues fund rangers to police area
• BLM monitors fish such as churn salmon
• Canoeists can be picked up from gravel banks
• Motor boats are limited to 15 horsepower engines