Cold Environments Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the climate in the Tundra environment

A

Warm summers, high rainfall, freezing winter

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2
Q

Describe the climate in the Polar environment

A

Low precipitation and freezing temperatures

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3
Q

Describe the soil in the Tundra environment

A

Frozen and waterlogged

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4
Q

Describe the soil in the Polar environment

A

Permanently frozen

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5
Q

What kinds of plants grow in the Tundra environment?

A

Low-growing flowering plants

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6
Q

What kinds of plants grow in the Tundra environment?

A

Mosses and lichens

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7
Q

Why is it so cold in polar regions?

A

Sun rays must travel further to reach polar regions, their intensity and warming power is reduced

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8
Q

Name 3 adaptations polar bears have

A

Thick fur, large feet, closable nostrils

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9
Q

Name 3 adaptations plants have

A

Grow close to each other, low-growing, large SA

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10
Q

What was our cold environments case study on?

A

Svalbard

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11
Q

What percentage of cod in supermarkets comes from the Barents sea?

A

70 percent

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12
Q

How many species of fish can be found in the Barents sea?

A

150

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13
Q

What is the main economic activity in Svalbard?

A

Coal mining

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14
Q

How many people are employed in mines in Svalbard?

A

Just over 300

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15
Q

Name 5 reasons to visit Svalbard

A

Coal mining industry, scenery, northern lights, winter sports, biodioversity, exploring

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16
Q

Why is providing services like water, electricity and sanitation a challenge in Svalbard?

A

Most services are provided by underground heating as pipes must be kept off ground to prevent thawing and allow for easy maintenance

17
Q

What two things can Svalbard be reached by?

A

Plane or ship

18
Q

What challenges does Svalbard only being reachable by plane or ship called?

A

Harder to export goods

19
Q

It is completely dark every year in Svalbard from…

A

25th October-8th March

20
Q

Name 5 reasons cold environments are important

A

Biodiversity, naural beauty, tourism, energy, fishing and forestry

21
Q

How is tourism a threat to cold environments?

A

More resources are needed and litter is left which disturbs animals and damages the environment, more homes must be built

22
Q

When does most off road driving take place?

A

In the summer months when snow has melted

23
Q

How does off road driving damage cold environments?

A

Deep tire tracks are left in areas that cause huge damage

24
Q

How does fishing damage biodiversity?

A

Trawlers wipe out species and damage the seabed?

25
Why can most construction work in Svalbard only be carried out in summer months?
Extreme temperatures
26
What can national governments do to protect cold environments?
Create laws to protect certain regions
27
What is Greenpeace doing to protect cold environments?
Trying to create conservation areas
28
True or false: builders in Svalbard can only make money in summer
True
29
What is it now illegal to do?
Fish in the Barents sea
30
What methods have been used to make providing services easier?
Underground heating, stilts have been used to raise pipes above ground and insulate them without the risk of thawing permafrost