COIN Flashcards
infiltration and subversion
used to gain intelligence and degrade the effectiveness of host nation government organizations
identify the type of insurgent approach being utilized given a scenario
Conspiration - usually involves a few leaders and a militant cadre seizing control of government structures or exploiting a revolutionary situation
Military - seize power by applying military force
Urban - small independent cells difficult to counter require no popular support
Protracted popular war - prolonged violent struggle by groups for security, recognition, acceptance, access to political institutions, and economic participation
denial and deception
consist of the measures taken by the threat to block, prevent, or impair US intelligence collection
demonstrations
can be used to incite violence responses by counterinsurgents and also to display the popularity of the insurgent cause
Chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear weapons
The potential for mass distraction and the fear most people have for those weapons make them attractive to groups wishing to attract international attention
bombing and high explosives
because of the various detonation techniques available may be a low risk to the perpetrator
arson
less dramatic than most tactics has the advantage of lower risk to the perpetrator
assassination
killing of prominent persons and symbolic personnel
ambushes
guerrilla style attacks to kill or intimidate counterinsurgents
describe the three types of violent actions employed by insurgents
Terrorist - attacks used to instill terror
Guerrilla - avoid decisive confrontations unless they know how they can win
Conventional - used to win the insurgency develops extensive popular support and sustainment capabilities
List the five elements of an insurgency
mass base auxiliaries cadre combatants core
Match the three phases of Mao Zedong’s theory of protracted war with its definition
- Strategic Defensive - when the government has a stronger correlation of forces and insurgents must concentrate on survival and building support
- Strategic Stalemate - when force correlations approach equilibrium and guerrilla warfare becomes the most important activity
- Strategic Counteroffensive - when insurgents have superior strength and military forces moved to conventional operations to destroy the government military capability
Match the historic principle of counterinsurgency with the explanation
legitimacy is the main objective - develop effective governance
unity of effort is essential - Unity effort every echelon of coin
political factors are primary - war 80% political action 20%
coins must understand the environment - COIN ops depend on understanding the society & culture
Intel drives ops - without Intel, COINs won’t know what to do
security under rule of law - No secure environment = no permanent reforms
COINs prepare long term commitment - COIN ops always demand considerable expenditures of time and resources
provide an explanation of each vulnerabilities of an insurgency
insurgents need for secrecy - intent to use violence = covert approach
inconsistencies in the mobilization message - May go to any extreme to attract followers
need to establish a base of operations - actions to exploit and eliminate base locations
reliance on external support - and experience difficulties finding a base of operations
need to obtain financial resources - all insurgencies require funding to some extent
internal divisions - counterinsurgents remain alert for signs of divisions in an internal movement
need to maintain momentum - controlling the pace of operations is vital to the success of any insurgency
informants within an insurgency - it’s demoralizing to insurgents realizing that people inside their movement are providing information to government agencies
identify the meaning of “cause” as it relates to an insurgency
A principle or movement militantly defended or supported
define each of the five means to mobilize an insurgency
persuasion–in times of turmoil, political, social, security and economic benefits can often entice people to support a side
coercion– A government that can’t support it’s people forfeits the right to rule
reaction to abuses – a government that exceeds accepted local norms and abuses its people or is tyrannical generates resistance to its rule
foreign support – can’t provide expertise and money need for a conflict
Apolitical motivations – insurgencies attract criminals and mercenaries
hijacking and skyjacking
sometimes insurgents simply hijacking as a means of escape. However are normally executed to produce a spectacular hostage situation.
hoaxes
any credible insurgent or terrorist group can employ a hoax with considerable success.
hostage taking
An overt seizure of one or more people to gain publicity or other concessions in return for releasing the hostage
indirect fire
used to harass counterinsurgents or cause them to commit forces that can be attacked by secondary ambushes.
kidnapping
usually a covert seizure of one or more persons to obtain specific results
propaganda
insurgents may disseminate propaganda using any form of media, including face-to-face talks in an attempt to push their message to the populace.
raids and attacks on facilities
demonstrate the host nation government’s inability to secure critical facilities or national symbols
sabotage
used to demonstrate how vulnerable of the society of host nation government is to terrorist action
seizure
involves a building or object of value in the eyes of the audience
define a target area of interest
Point, line, or area that if interdicted with fire will cause the threat to adopt a different course of action
describe how IPB supports the four functions of the targeting methodology
provides the commander was a picture of the adversary, threat model and operational environment. Through this, the commander identifies what threat capabilities adversary may possess.
describe the four functions of targeting methodology
decide – clear picture of priorities applicable to talking.
detect – design to execute target acquisition in the decide phase.
deliver - executes the target it’s a guidance and supports the commanders battle plan.
assess – answers if the commanders requirements have been met, if not, detect and deliver continue.
explain the two categories of targeting
deliberate targeting – prosecutes planned target
dynamic target – prosecutes targets of opportunity
characteristics of a target
physical functional cognitive environmental time
definition of a target
and entity or object considered for possible engagement or action.
define high-value individual
A person of interest to must be identified, surveilled, tract and influence through the use of information are fires.
List an example of each element of ASCOPE
areas – government centers structures – bridges capabilities – technology organizations – church groups people – behavioral patterns events – civil disturbances
select the definition of each aspect of ASCOPE
Areas – key civilian areas I localities or aspects of the terrain within and AO that often are not militarily significant.
Structures – analyzing a structure involves determining how it’s location, functions, and capabilities can support the operation.
Capabilities – commanders and staffs analyze capabilities from different levels.
Organizations – nonmilitary groups or institutions in the AO.
People – non-military personnel encountered by military forces.
Events – routine, cyclical, planned, or spontaneous activities is significantly affect organizations, people, and military operations.
