Cohesion Flashcards
What is grammatical cohesion about?
Linking sentences
What are the 4 main parts of grammatical cohesion?
- conjunctions
- ellipsis
- identification
- reference
What do conjunctions do?
Link together parts of a text/show relationships between them.
E.g. And/but/because/then/although
What is ellipsis
Where words are left out of a sentence because previously given information has made the sentence cohesive and understandable.
E.g. “His jeans were stained, his jacket was ripped and blood dripped down his face. What a state.”
What is identification?
Where DETERMINERS such as the, this and that are used to show that a noun has already been mentioned.
In identification, what is the indefinite article?
The first time that an object/situation has been mentioned in the text.
‘A large lorry blocked the road’
What are the 3 types of reference?
- anaphoric reference
- cataphoric reference
- exophoric reference
In identification, what is the definite article?
When a previously mentioned object/situation is now recognised so it doesn’t need introducing.
‘THE lorry had broken down’
What is an anaphoric reference?
Where a previously mentioned thing is referred BACK to, using 3RD PERSON PRONOUNS and DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS.
“My Grandma went to University.
SHE wanted to be a teacher.”
“He had no way of getting there.
THAT was the big problem
What do cataphoric references do?
Refer to something in the future.
E.g. He gave ‘THE FOLLOWING’ reasons for his decision
What do exophoric references do?
Relate to something OUTSIDE of the text
What is lexical cohesion about?
Linking words
What 2 parts make up lexical cohesion?
- repetition
- collocation
Why is repetition lexically cohesive?
Re-using a word more then once can link separate sentences
What has a similar lexically cohesive affect to repetition?
Synonyms.
