Cognitive transitions

Question 1

Piagetian Perspective

Answer 1

formal operational stage 11+ years

Question 2

5 major changes in cognition

Answer 2

thinking about possibilities, abstract concepts, metacognition, multiple dimensions, seeing knowledge

Question 3

deductive reasoning

Answer 3

an assumption made on widely accepted facts

Question 4

hypothetical reasoning

Answer 4

provides evidence against hypothesis by testing its logical consequences

Question 5

metacognition

Answer 5

thinking about thinking

Question 6

egocentrism

Answer 6

inability to understand anyone elses perspective but their own

Question 7

personal fable

Answer 7

one’s experiences are unique nothing bad can happen to them

Question 7

personal fable

Answer 7

one’s experiences are unique nothing bad can happen to them

Question 8

imaginary audience

Answer 8

believes everyone is watching

Question 9

multidimensional thinking

Answer 9

ability to view things from more than one aspect at a time (sarcasm, sophisticated understanding of probability)

Question 10

relativism

Answer 10

ability to see things as relative rather than as absolute (skepticism becomes common, everything may seem uncertain)

Question 11

information processing perspective

Answer 11

what about the ways in adolescence think about things that make them better problem solvers than children

Question 12

components from information processing view

Answer 12

selective attention and divided attention, working memory and long term memory, processing speed, organization, metacognition

Question 13

risk taking

Answer 13

more common among males than females

Question 14

what explains why adolescence is a period of heightened experimentation of risk

Answer 14

gender time gap

Question 15

behavioral decision theory

Answer 15

decision making is rational and individuals try to maximize benefits of alternative courses of actions and minimize costs

Question 16

traits of risk takers in the behavioral decision theory

Answer 16

overconfident, competitive, high sensation-seeking

Question 17

changes in the brain during behavioral decision theory

Answer 17

PFC (later years), limbic system

Question 18

reward system

Answer 18

changes is neurotransmitters in the limbic system effect reward sensitivity (dopamine, sex hormones)

Question 19

adolescence and legal matters and culpability

Answer 19

appreciate wrongfulness of crime, immaturity, incomplete personality development

Question 20

why do teens take risks

Answer 20

they’re supposed to, evolutionary to encourage reproduction

Question 21

can you use animal models to study risk taking in adolescence

Answer 21

yes monkeys are comparable

Question 22

brain areas/ neurotransmitters

Answer 22

dopamine (pleasure hormone) is released as part of limbic system

Question 23

lab test with running red lights

Answer 23

adolescents are more likely to run the light when peers are present. the activation center coincides with whether peers are present or not

Question 24

what primary function does risk taking serve

Answer 24

preface for reproduction

Question 25

propositional logic

Answer 25

based on formal principles of logic applies to abstract complicated thinking as well as to concrete literal thinking

Question 26

competence performance distinction

Answer 26

large gap exists between what can be done and what is done in daily life

Question 27

sternbergs triarchic theory of intelligence- street smarts practical knowledge

Answer 27

compential

Question 28

sternbergs triarchic theory of intelligence-creative thinking insightful

Answer 28

experiential

Question 29

sternbergs triarchic theory of intelligence-measured by Binet

Answer 29

contextual

Question 30

interpersonal relationships

Answer 30

become more mature, understanding of human behavior, ideas about social institutions and organizations are more complex, reading individuals body language and facial expressions