Cognitive Science Flashcards
When different muscle groups produce the same basic action, this is called:
motor equivalence
Neuroimaging during visual imagery tasks reveals activation in what brain area?
V1
A production system consists of:
a rule base, a context, and an interpreter
The difference between Fuzzy Logic and traditional Probability Theory is that:
Probability makes predictions about the likelihoods of discrete states of a system, whereas Fuzzy Logic provides a graded account of the degree to which the system is in all those states
The law of the excluded middle refers to…
the formal logic notion that a given statement must be either true or false.
Which part of the brain is largely responsible for the immediate preparation of voluntary actions, but not their execution?
Premotor cortex
The Turing Test involves:
a judge texting with a computer and with a person, and if the judge cannot tell which is which, then the computer should be treated as intelligent.
Theintesnse 1-millisecond electrochemical impulse produced by a neuron, which sends signals to other neurons via this neuron’s connections with them, is called:
an action potential
John Searle’s Chinese Room thought-experiment involved queries that can be written in Chinese and inserted into a slot. And in that room a person uses a large book to find an example of the inserted query, and then follows instructions to trace out the ideographs of an appropriate response. According to Searle, the Chinese Room would pass the Turing Test, but…
you wouldn’t want to grant intelligence to the system
Traditional artificial intelligence systems (by visionaries like Marvin Minsky and Terry Winograd) where an internal model of the world allows the robot to sense, plan, and act, are best described as the Deliberative Architectures. By contrast, contemporary artificial intelligence and robotics systems (by visionaries like Rodney Brooks and Hod Lipson), where little internal representation is used, and much of what the robot does is simple sense-action processes that interact to generate the appearance of complex intelligence, are called:
Reactive Architecture
A complex system with self-organization and distributed representations will often exhibit properties that look as though they were designed by a plan, when in fact they arose unpredictably from the many local interactions between subcomponents. The name for these unexpected properties is:
Emergent Properties
When a neural map represents sensory receptors that are near one another with cortical neurons that are near one another, the map is said to exhibit what property?
Topography
