Cognitive Psychology Exam 1 - Frank Murphy

Question 1

interpreting sensory input

Answer 1

perception

Question 2

mechanism for continuing cognitive processing

Answer 2

attention

Question 3

cognitive processes underlying storage, retention, and retrieval of information

Answer 3

memory

Question 4

the ability to detect something

Answer 4

sensation

Question 5

interpreting sensory information

Answer 5

perception

Question 6

using pieces of information from the environment to form a precept

Answer 6

bottom-up processing

Question 7

using expectation, theories, and memory as a guide to perceive things

Answer 7

top-down processing

Question 8

comparing a new object to templates of other objects we already have stored until we find a match

Answer 8

template matching

Question 9

breaking up and analyzing individual components

Answer 9

feature analysis

Question 10

agreement over which geons are part of an object (Biederman)

Answer 10

recognition by components

Question 11

the idea that perception changes with practice, some aspects become clearer over time

Answer 11

perceptual learning

Question 12

the failure to notice large changes across scenes when there is a brief space between the two

Answer 12

change blindness

Question 13

the improvement of letter identification when in words than alone

Answer 13

word superiority effect

Question 14

two parallel lines moving away appear to be touching

Answer 14

linear perspective

Question 15

as something gets closer to you, the tension in your eye increases

Answer 15

convergence

Question 16

certain aspects of stimuli that do not change

Answer 16

invariances

Question 17

acts or behaviors permitted by objects, places, or events

Answer 17

affordances

Question 18

where nerves leave the back of the eye, and no light receptors are present

Answer 18

blind spot

Question 19

he believed we have limited attention capacities and cannot pay attention to everything

Answer 19

William James

Question 20

focusing resources on some tasks, and processing less information about competing tasks

Answer 20

selective attention

Question 21

when two distinct messages are played in either ear, how someone can repeat the message in one but not the other

Answer 21

dichotic listening

Question 22

states that there is a limit on the amount of information that can be processed (nothing passes filter)

Answer 22

broadbent’s early selection theory

Question 23

states that all messages are processed for meaning, then a filter is applied, and messages are selected (nothing passes filter)

Answer 23

late selection theory

Question 24

states that you do not completely block unattended information (some passes filter)

Answer 24

filter attenuation theory

Question 25

states that we do not filter or attenuate, but instead simply fail to process some information

Answer 25

schema theory

Question 26

when performing a task requires no willful attention to complete

Answer 26

automaticity

Question 27

states that accuracy increases as you gather more instances, the more likely you are to retrieve correct answer

Answer 27

instance theory

Question 28

damage to the parietal lobe resulting in ignoring information from the opposite visual field

Answer 28

sensory neglect

Question 29

translating information into a usable form

Answer 29

encoding

Question 30

accessing stored information

Answer 30

retrieval

Question 31

some form of holding information for later use

Answer 31

storage

Question 32

the inability to retrieve something

Answer 32

forgetting

Question 33

sensory memory for visual information, only lasts about 1 second

Answer 33

iconic memory

Question 34

sensory memory for auditory material

Answer 34

echoic memory

Question 35

information that enters from sensory memory (7+/-2 items)

Answer 35

short term memory

Question 36

the form of which the information is represented in memory

Answer 36

code

Question 37

information being learned now can interfere with old information

Answer 37

retroactive interference

Question 38

information you already know can interfere with information being learned now

Answer 38

proactive interference

Question 39

simultaneously searching through every memory through short term memory all at once

Answer 39

parallel search

Question 40

searching through every item in short term memory one by one

Answer 40

serial search

Question 41

controls attention, directs information, selects which information will be processed and how (the boss)

Answer 41

central executive

Question 42

holds information and creates, stores, and uses mental images

Answer 42

visuospatial sketchpad

Question 43

translates visual information into an auditory code to be placed in the phonological store, and rehearses information to offset delay

Answer 43

articulatory control process

Question 44

where phonological information is held, decays in 2 seconds unless refreshed by the ACP

Answer 44

phonological store

Question 45

longer words are more difficult to recall than shorter words

Answer 45

word length effect

Question 46

repeating a word/syllable during presentation of a list results in poorer recall of the list

Answer 46

articulatory suppression

Question 47

one person speaks annoyingly, and the other person reads words, recall of them will be poorer

Answer 47

irrelevant speech effect