Cognitive Psychology Exam 1 - Frank Murphy Flashcards

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1
Q

interpreting sensory input

A

perception

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2
Q

mechanism for continuing cognitive processing

A

attention

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3
Q

cognitive processes underlying storage, retention, and retrieval of information

A

memory

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4
Q

the ability to detect something

A

sensation

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5
Q

interpreting sensory information

A

perception

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6
Q

using pieces of information from the environment to form a precept

A

bottom-up processing

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7
Q

using expectation, theories, and memory as a guide to perceive things

A

top-down processing

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8
Q

comparing a new object to templates of other objects we already have stored until we find a match

A

template matching

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9
Q

breaking up and analyzing individual components

A

feature analysis

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10
Q

agreement over which geons are part of an object (Biederman)

A

recognition by components

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11
Q

the idea that perception changes with practice, some aspects become clearer over time

A

perceptual learning

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12
Q

the failure to notice large changes across scenes when there is a brief space between the two

A

change blindness

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13
Q

the improvement of letter identification when in words than alone

A

word superiority effect

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14
Q

two parallel lines moving away appear to be touching

A

linear perspective

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15
Q

as something gets closer to you, the tension in your eye increases

A

convergence

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16
Q

certain aspects of stimuli that do not change

A

invariances

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17
Q

acts or behaviors permitted by objects, places, or events

A

affordances

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18
Q

where nerves leave the back of the eye, and no light receptors are present

A

blind spot

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19
Q

he believed we have limited attention capacities and cannot pay attention to everything

A

William James

20
Q

focusing resources on some tasks, and processing less information about competing tasks

A

selective attention

21
Q

when two distinct messages are played in either ear, how someone can repeat the message in one but not the other

A

dichotic listening

22
Q

states that there is a limit on the amount of information that can be processed (nothing passes filter)

A

broadbent’s early selection theory

23
Q

states that all messages are processed for meaning, then a filter is applied, and messages are selected (nothing passes filter)

A

late selection theory

24
Q

states that you do not completely block unattended information (some passes filter)

A

filter attenuation theory

25
Q

states that we do not filter or attenuate, but instead simply fail to process some information

A

schema theory

26
Q

when performing a task requires no willful attention to complete

A

automaticity

27
Q

states that accuracy increases as you gather more instances, the more likely you are to retrieve correct answer

A

instance theory

28
Q

damage to the parietal lobe resulting in ignoring information from the opposite visual field

A

sensory neglect

29
Q

translating information into a usable form

A

encoding

30
Q

accessing stored information

A

retrieval

31
Q

some form of holding information for later use

A

storage

32
Q

the inability to retrieve something

A

forgetting

33
Q

sensory memory for visual information, only lasts about 1 second

A

iconic memory

34
Q

sensory memory for auditory material

A

echoic memory

35
Q

information that enters from sensory memory (7+/-2 items)

A

short term memory

36
Q

the form of which the information is represented in memory

A

code

37
Q

information being learned now can interfere with old information

A

retroactive interference

38
Q

information you already know can interfere with information being learned now

A

proactive interference

39
Q

simultaneously searching through every memory through short term memory all at once

A

parallel search

40
Q

searching through every item in short term memory one by one

A

serial search

41
Q

controls attention, directs information, selects which information will be processed and how (the boss)

A

central executive

42
Q

holds information and creates, stores, and uses mental images

A

visuospatial sketchpad

43
Q

translates visual information into an auditory code to be placed in the phonological store, and rehearses information to offset delay

A

articulatory control process

44
Q

where phonological information is held, decays in 2 seconds unless refreshed by the ACP

A

phonological store

45
Q

longer words are more difficult to recall than shorter words

A

word length effect

46
Q

repeating a word/syllable during presentation of a list results in poorer recall of the list

A

articulatory suppression

47
Q

one person speaks annoyingly, and the other person reads words, recall of them will be poorer

A

irrelevant speech effect