Cognitive Psychology Flashcards
What is meant by the term ‘Memory’?
The processes by which we store and retrieve information
What is meant by the term ‘Forgetting’?
The experience of not being able to remember a fact or event
What is meant by the term ‘Storage’?
Holding and keeping information in memory
What is meant by the term ‘Retrieval’?
Recalling a stored memory
Craik and Tulving (LOP) is a ………………….. experiment.
Lab experiment
What is a benefit of having a control condition within an experiment?
It allows for a comparison to be made between the IV and the DV.
Why is counterbalancing used in a repeated measures design?
Helps to overcome order effects so participants are unlikely to guess the aim of the experiment
What is meant by ‘Practice Effect’?
Where participants are skilled at familiar tasks as they have practiced, common with repeated measures
What year did Craik and Lockhart create the LOP theory of memory?
1972
What are the percentages of words remembered for structural, phonetic and semantic in Craik and Tulving’s study?
18% structural
33% phonetic
75% semantic
How many students were involved in Craik and Tulving’s study?
20 students
How many words were given in Craik and Tulving’s study?
40 1-2 syllable words
Name an evaluation point for Craik and Tulving’s study in terms of Generalisability
The sample of only students means it is harder to generalise the findings to the wider society, e.g. workers, elderly people - they may have a different experience of memory.
Name an evaluation point for Craik and Tulving’s study in terms of Reliability
It is a lab experiment meaning it has high reliability as it can be replicated and repeated using the same procedure - this has been repeated many times by Craik and Tulving
Name an evaluation point for Craik and Tulving’s study in terms of Applicability
Can greatly contribute to helping students revise for exams, suggesting they should read and summarise their notes rather than reading just a textbook
