Cognitive Level of Analysis - Syllabus Flashcards
Outline principles that define the cognitive level of analysis
Human beings are information processers and mental processes guide behaviour. input throughput output
The min can and should be studied scientifically, models are appropriate or testing theories.
cognitive processes are influenced by social and cutural factors
Cognitive processes actively organise and manipulate information that we receive human are not merely passive. perception, memory and emotions
Explain how principles that define the cognitive level of analysis may be demonstrated in research (that is theories and/or studies)
GLANZER AND CUNITZ (1966)
To find out what delay has for efffect on recency and primacy effec
THEORY : Multi store model
Sensory memonry - short term memory -(rehearsel) long term memory
only what attentin is paid to will be remembered
short term limited capacity 20-30 seconds
ltm unlimited rehearsal smenatic episodic prodecural info forgotten over time
primacy effect 1st in LTM recency last wordds in SSTM assyomptote middle replaced in STM
46a army listet men 15 word lists 1 sec 2sec interval after that # or number 0-9 countr from number until examiner said wright ater 10 or 30 sec
10 sec = recenct efffect less
30 sec = NO recency effect
still primacy effect
Discuss how and why particular research methods are used at the cognitive level of analysis
1
Discuss ethical considerations related to research studies at the cognitive level of analysis
1
Evaluate schema theory with reference to research studies
BREWER AND TREYENS (1981)
Theory : Schema theory in LTM in semantic memory. organization o knowledge . prior knowledge is stored here. Bartlett 1932.
univeristy students arrived in ofice asked to wait. noraml and weird obejcts in room. Then taken out and asked to rmemeber objects.
most recalled schematic objects. Some added typical objects . but also recalled skulll
Evaluate two models or theories of one cognitive process with reference to research studies
GLANZER AND CUNITZ (1966)
To find out what delay has for efffect on recency and primacy effec
THEORY : Multi store model
Sensory memonry - short term memory -(rehearsel) long term memory
only what attentin is paid to will be remembered
short term limited capacity 20-30 seconds
ltm unlimited rehearsal smenatic episodic prodecural info forgotten over time
primacy effect 1st in LTM recency last wordds in SSTM assyomptote middle replaced in STM
46a army listet men 15 word lists 1 sec 2sec interval after that # or number 0-9 countr from number until examiner said wright ater 10 or 30 sec
10 sec = recenct efffect less
30 sec = NO recency effect
still primacy effect
Explain how biological factors may affect one cognitive process
Maguire et al (2000)
Taxidrivers vs non taxidrivers, volume of hippocampus (part of limbic system)
This region is associated with navigation and spatial memory.
Used structural MRI, VBM and pixel counting
taxidrivers: large posterior, small anterior hippocampus, volume=grey matter
correlation between results and time as a taxidriver
Discuss how social or cultural factors affect one cognitive process
WANG (2004)
children european american children vs chinese children. collectivistic vs individualistic
asked about self and asked about certain events. native female interviewer. complecte I am … .
all once children
numbers of others mentioned , self vs others ratio
americna: more emotional, speciic and selff description
chinese more social interactions higer self vs other ratio neutral self description.
age affected contne t
With reference to relevant research studies, to what extent is one cognitive process reliable?
BREWER AND TREYENS (1981)
Theory : Schema theory in LTM in semantic memory. organization o knowledge . prior knowledge is stored here. Bartlett 1932.
univeristy students arrived in ofice asked to wait. noraml and weird obejcts in room. Then taken out and asked to rmemeber objects.
most recalled schematic objects. Some added typical objects . but also recalled skulll
Discuss the use of technology in investigating cognitive processes
1
To what extent do cognitive and biological factors interact in emotion?
COAN ET AL (2006)
effects of of a spouses physical expression of support on response to threatening situation
16 higly satisfied couples. fMRI spuse, stranger, non rate marital satisfaction and get used to fMRI . second sesson experiment. screen with red cross= might get chock from feet. 20% chance. or blur 0 = no chock. 3 blocks 12 no 12 yes. in random order. brainscans less emotional response in ALL 8 parts. spouse, stranger, non. marital satisfaction correlates with brain actvity during stresss
non invasive f
COGNITIVE APPRAISAL THEORY: primary appraisal secundary appraisal ‘
Evaluate one theory of how emotion may affect one cognitive process
NEISSER AND HARSCH (1992)
Phantom flashbulbs
theory: important memories with string emotion and memories like snapchat
psy students questionnaireabout challenger explosion 1. morning after
2. 2 years later
3. 3 years later with interview
when, with whom, where,what also confidence scale.
confidence non.related to accuracy - level of accuray low
when seing first script, many believed their now memories more. only 2 were correct ub interview out of 40
