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Psychopathology > Cognitive explanations of depression > Flashcards

Cognitive explanations of depression Flashcards

1
Q

explaining depression

A
  • the cognitive triad by Beck
  • Ellis’ ABC model
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2
Q

cognitive model

A
  • proposes that individuals who are suffering from depression often have distorted + negative thinking
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3
Q

cognitive triad by Beck

A
  • believes that people become depressed because they have a negative outlook
    = develop negative schemas
  • often develop in childhood + continue into adulthood
    = life is viewed in a negative way due to negative framework
    = cause depressive thoughts

stage 1: negative thoughts about self
stage 2: negative thoughts about the world
stage 3: negative thoughts about the future

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4
Q

stage 1 - cognitive triad by Beck

A
  • negative thoughts about self
  • person has negative thoughts about themselves
  • might feel worthless + helpless
  • criticise themselves at every opportunity
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5
Q

stage 2 - cognitive triad by Beck

A
  • negative thoughts about the world
  • person has negative thoughts that extend to the wider world around them
  • negative + distorted thinking continues on a larger scale
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6
Q

stage 3 - cognitive triad by Beck

A
  • negative thoughts about the future
  • person begins to think negatively about their future
    = seem bleak + negative
  • can cause low self esteem
  • person thinks negatively + gets depressed about the future
  • such thinking can lead to suicidal thoughts
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7
Q

ads of cognitive triad by Beck

A
  • influential
  • pregnant women
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8
Q

disads of cognitive triad by Beck

A
  • cause + effect
  • symptoms develop
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9
Q

influential - ads of cognitive triad by Beck

A
  • cognitive appraoch has become very influential within psych during the last 30 years
  • the theory is based on sound experimental research
    = objective + permits testing
  • seems that distorted + negative thoughts are very common amongst patients who have depression
  • these negative thoughts play a key role in developing depression
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10
Q

pregnant women - ads of cognitive triad by Beck

A
  • lots of supporting evidence to suggest that depression is caused by negative + irrational thinking + cognitive triad
  • psych assessed 65 pregnant women for cognitive vulnerability + depression, before + after birth
    = found that women who had cognitive vulnerability were more likely to suffer post natal depession
    = supports the cognitive approach that negative thinking can cause depression
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11
Q

cause + effect - disads of cognitive triad by Beck

A
  • cause + effect is not clear
  • do negative + irrational thoughts cause depression?
  • or does depression develop first to cause a patient to think in a negative + irrational way?
  • cause + effect needs to be investigated further
    = to be sure that negative thinking causes depression to occur
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12
Q

symptoms develop - disads of cognitive triad by Beck

A
  • beck’s theory can be criticised cus it doesn’t explain how symptoms might develop
  • some depressed patients show symptoms of anger, hallucinations etc..
  • theory fails to account for how these symptoms occur
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13
Q

Ellis’ ABC model

A
  • proposed that depression is caused by irrational beliefs
  • mustabatory thinking
  • A = activating events
  • B = beliefs
  • C = consequences
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14
Q

A - Ellis’ ABC model

A
  • activating events
  • patients record events leading to negative thinking
  • this is triggered by an event in the environment
  • activating event has a negative effect on their mood + outlook
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15
Q

B - Ellis’ ABC model

A
  • beliefs
  • patients record their thoughts associated w/ the event (rational or irrational)
  • examples may be recorded in a journal to keep track of thinking
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16
Q

C - Ellis’ ABC model

A
  • consequences
  • patients record the emotional response to their beliefs
  • irrational beliefs can lead to negative emotions
  • consequences could be debated w/ many different options
17
Q

mustabatory thinking - Ellis’ ABC model

A
  • can cause irrational + negative thinking
    = emotionally damaging + lead to depression
  • e.g. must.. otherwise I’m worthless.
  • individual who has these beliefs is bound to be disappointed or depressed
    = thoughts are too idealistic + expectations are too high
18
Q

ads of Ellis’ ABC model

A
  • research support
  • scientific
  • attachments
19
Q

disads of Ellis’ ABC model

A
  • cause + effect
  • client blame
  • biological approach
20
Q

research support - ads of Ellis’ ABC model

A
  • there is research support to the idea of Ellis’ ABC model as a cause of depression
  • psych found that depressed patients who were given negative thought statements
    = became more + more depressed
    = supports view that negative thinking helps to cause depression
  • if psychs know what causes depression (negative thinking)
  • can help provide effective treatments for curing depression (cognitive therapy)
21
Q

scientific - ads of Ellis’ ABC model

A
  • ABC model of depression is based on sound scientific evidence
  • permits objective testing
  • allows improvement of the model
  • a greater understanding for depression as a whole
22
Q

attachments - ads of Ellis’ ABC model

A
  • supporting evidence that people who develop depression in adulthood
    = experienced insecure attachments in childhood
  • seems to be a link w/ insecure childhood attachments contributing to negative thinking –> cause depression
23
Q

cause + effect - disads of Ellis’ ABC model

A
  • it is not clear whether negative thinking actually causes depression
  • could be that depression occurs first
  • this then causes the person to think in a negative irrational way
  • cause + effect needs to be established when looking at causes of depression
24
Q

client blame - disads of Ellis’ ABC model

A
  • ABC model blames the client when looking at causes
  • it gives the client some power to change the situation + improve symptoms
  • could mean that situational factors are overlooked
    e.g. family problems
  • instead the psych would examine negative + irrational thoughts alone as a cause
25
Q

biological approach - disads of Ellis’ ABC model

A
  • biological approach criticises cognitive approach
  • biological approach suggests that genes + neurotransmitters (lower levels of serotonin) may cause
  • psych found that there is a gene related to depression
    = makes it 10x more likely to develop depression
    = bio approach states that bio factors are more likely to cause depression than cog factors

Psychopathology (13 decks)

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