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Mgmt Psych > Cognitive Disorders > Flashcards

Cognitive Disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

assessment guidelines for delirium

A

determine fluctuating LOC and risk for injury
ask family for baseline LOC and cognition
determine whether or not underlying cause
assess VS and neuro status for comfort care

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2
Q

4 cardinal features of delirium

A

acute onset/fluctuating course
inattention
disorganized thinking
altered LOC

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3
Q

nurs dx for delirium

A 
acute confusion
risk for injury
disturbed thought process
fear
self-care deficit
impaired verbal communication
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4
Q

s/s of delirium

A

agitation, confusion, sun downing (night time exacerbation of symptoms)
Hallucinations
Increased HR

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5
Q

mgmt. of delirium

A 
speak in simple concrete phrases
comprehensive nurse assessment
use reality orientation (clocks, calendars, family pics)
have pt. wear glasses/hearing aids
utilize same staff whenever possible
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6
Q

communication guidelines for delirium

A 
always identify yourself
use short, simple words
focus on one thing at a time
talk about familiar things
focus on reality when pt. is delusional
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7
Q

short term outcomes of delirium are r/t

A

ongoing change in condition (VS, skin turgor, urine-specific gravity)

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8
Q

long term outcomes of delirium are r/t

A

individual safety, AAOx3, underlying cause identified/treated

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9
Q

what is dementia

A

impaired cognitive function, slowly deteriorating social and occupational functioning, levels of alertness are generally not disturbed.

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10
Q

what are the stages of Alzheimer’s

A

Stage 1 - mild - forgetfulness
Stage 2 - moderate - confusion
Stage 3 - moderate to severe - unable to identify objects/people
Stage 4 - late - end-stage

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11
Q

how many stages of Alzheimer’s

A

4

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12
Q

early signs of Alzheimer’s

A 
memory loss effecting job skills
diff. performing usual tasks
problems w/language
disoriented to time and place
poor or decreased judgment
problems thinking abstractly
misplacing things (keys)
changes in mood/behavior/personality
loss of initiative
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13
Q

signs of Alzheimer’s progression

A 
Dysphasia
Apraxia
Visual agnosia
Dysgraphia
Some long-term memory loss
Wandering
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14
Q

signs of late stage Alzheimer’s

A

long-term memory loss
unable to communicate
cannot perform ADL’s
require total care (incontinence)

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15
Q

dx of Alzheimer’s

A

health hx, physical exam, neuro assess, mental assess, lab tests
CT, MRI, SPECT, PET
monitor early stages/trt. response

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16
Q

nurse dx r/t Alzheimer’s

A

chronic confusion
risk for injury
impaired verbal communication/memory
care-giver role strain

17
Q

targeted areas of trt. for Alzheimer’s

A 
Injury
Communication
Agitation level
Caregiver role strain
Self-care needs
18
Q

communication guidelines for Alzheimer’s

A 
identify yourself
call the person by their name
speak slowly using short, simple words/phrases
use face-to-face contact
focus on 1 thing at a time
talk about familiar things
encourage reminiscing about happy times
with delusions reinforce reality, acknowledge pt. feelings
be close to the person when talking
have the pt. wear glasses/hearing aids
19
Q

with an Alzheimer’s pt. never do this

A 
rush/hurry
criticize/correct/argue
talk as though the person isn't present
take challenging behaviors personally
use condescending terms
20
Q

mgmt. of Alzheimer’s is aimed at

A 
improve/control decline in cognition
control undesirable behaviors (may be aggressive or angry)
provide care for the caregiver
community supports
pharmacology
21
Q

when creating a SAFE environment for Alzheimer’s consider this

A 
gradually restrict driving
remove rugs
min. sensory stimulation
give support/chg. topic when verbally upset
label things
install safety bars
supervise smoking
22
Q

mgmt. of wandering r/t Alzheimer’s

A 
place mattress on floor or use bed monitor
medic-alert bracelet and ID
notify police, tell neighbors
install complex locks
explore GPS devices
23
Q

engaging activities for Alzheimer patients

A

picture magazines/children’s books when reading is compromised
familiar/simple group activities
physical activity during the day

24
Q

objective data r/t Alzheimer

A

disheveled appearance

early, late, middle neuro

25
Q

subjective data r/t a;Alzheimer

A 
past health hx
meds
nutrition info
elimination info
sleep-rest pattern
26
Q

What is the last thing to change in alzheimers

A

Thought, long term memory in tact, short term memory is the problem

Mgmt Psych (4 decks)

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