Cognitive capacities and abilities Flashcards

1
Q

Cognition

A

mental process of knowing; processes, and systems through perception, awareness, attention, memory, intuition, and knowledge.

Decreased awareness is a concern with safety.

Must have understanding and knowledge, judgement and decision making, and overall environmental awareness.

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2
Q

cognitive hierarchy

A

if you lose executive function ability it doesn’t necessarily affect what is below it.

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3
Q

what affects cognition

A

emotions, anxiety (effects and limits memory skills), physical or emotional pain, depression, mental distractions.
* more of our working memory

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4
Q

Other factors that influence cognition

A

task and environment
-contextual cues/stimuli (arousal properties of environment)

Social and cultural

  • socio-economic status
  • poverty, social deprivation
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5
Q

NCD

A

Neurocognitive disorders

changes in brain structure, function, and chemistry. A result of an acquired condition or traumatic injury.

neuroimaging=structural changes in the brain.

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6
Q

types of NCD deficits

A
  • impairment in body function (motor, sensory, and cognitive)
  • neurodegenerative- MS, Parkinson’s, AZ, ALS, Dementia, GB, RA

Psychological- Depression, Schizo, mood disorders, bi polar, mental illness

injuries- TBI, SCI

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7
Q

Mild NCD

A
  • perform ADL’s
  • problems with IADLs
  • deficits in memory, difficulty recall,
  • executive functions of problem solving, planning day, multitasking
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8
Q

Major NCD

A

associated with alz, huntingtons, parkinsons, heart disease

  • rapid decline or gradual loss of function
  • memory loss/ with or without depression
  • Language and problem solving deficits.
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9
Q

effects of cognitive impairments

A

reduced efficiency and effectiveness

  • reduced pace and persistence of functioning
  • decreased ADL routine performance,
  • difficult adapting to new or problematic situations.
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10
Q

Awareness

A

golden key- awareness of deficit.

self-efficacy helps establish clients belief in themselves

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11
Q

Low level of awareness

A

unmotivated or uncooperative in therapy

  • sets unrealistic goals,
  • displays poor judgement,
  • fails to see need for strategies,
  • longer LOS in rehab
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12
Q

High level of awareness

A
  • actively participate in treatment
  • achieve better rehab outcomes
  • strong experiences in therapeutic relationship
  • key to success
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13
Q

Intellectual awareness

A

client able to state or demonstrate knowledge of problems but not monitor problems.

  • able to understand at some level that cognitive function is impaired
  • unable to use strategies independently

therapy-
someone other than client initiates strategies
-self rating skills

This level is achieved when client can demonstrate knowledge of the problems and recognize general implications.

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14
Q

Emergent awareness

A
  • able to demonstrate knowing when a problem is happening, as it is occurring without prompting,
  • able to recognize a problem only when it is occurring.

Therapy-
strategies need to be initiated by specific situations or events
-identify and self-correct errors during actually task performance
-document through observation of clients actions/behaviors

video feedback is great

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15
Q

Anticipatory awareness

A
  • able to predict or anticipate the situations in which problems can occur.
  • only at this stage will client be able to implement compensatory strategies independently.

Therapy-
select strategies that trigger client recognition that problem is occurring.
-predict performance on task without commencing and select right compensatory strategies.

assessments- interview, self-report, strength, perceptions.

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16
Q

self rating assessments

A

upon completion of task, clients and therapist rate/score on their own of what they think their score is.

use graph every time

always have a pre and post

17
Q

awareness how do you get them there

A

ASK QUETIONS and ask questions while you observe them.

18
Q

Attention

A

Backbone of cognitive rehab.

  • attention skills underlie all other cognitive skills.
  • inability to pay attention is one of the main reasons memory and cognitive impairments occur.

-it is the ability to focus, notice taken if someone or something is interesting or important as well as the action of taking care of someone or something.

19
Q

Selective attention

A

select the most important thing

difficulty with
distracted

20
Q

Alternating attention

A

switch from one task to another

difficulty with
confused

21
Q

Divided attention

A

attend to two or more things at once

difficulty with
multi-tasking

22
Q

Directed attention

A

Manage attention

difficulty with
executive functions

23
Q

Sustained attention

A

maintain consistency

difficulty with
impulsivity

24
Q

Focused attention

A

discretely stay attended

difficulty with
Perseveration

25
selective attention interventions
-visual selective attention strategies have them find words in a book -Auditory selective attention strategies read words and have cl. tap when they hear it alternating/shifting attention -nothing other than two tasks Divided attention -ability to do several things at once Direction attention - ability to manage attention - -stroop effect test Sustained attention -- group of clients count aloud and every multiple of 6 or number with 6 in it they have to say buzz Focused attention - word generation activities (as many animals that start with B) - cancelation tasks - dot to dot
26
Memory
A pattern of connections between neurons - proper retention and ordering of knowledge - brain needs cues and techniques to remember - memory gives us the ability to draw from past experiences and learn new information provides sense of continuity in the environment. - Attend - Encode - Storage - Recall
27
STM
stores information temporarily and determines if it will be dismissed or transferred on to long term memory. Repetition/practice strategies aid in transferring to LTM
28
Working memory
manipulation, | holds information in mind while performing complex tasks
29
Non-declarative memory
unconscious recall- memory of skills and knowing how to do things, particularly the use of objects or movements of the body. Priming-exposure to a stimulus influences response Habitual memory- well rehearsed, unconscious, behavioral routines Procedural memory- Unconscious memory of "how" to do things or perform tasks. body memories
30
Declarative memory
memories which can be consciously recalled (facts, knowledge, and events) Semantic memory- recall of factual knowledge, historical events Episodic memory- storage of personal significant past events such as weddings, trips, school events
31
Retrograde amnesia
common consequence of brain damage loss of ones personal past after trauma memory often recovers
32
Anterograde amnesia
Client can't recall, day to day or present events past memory intact, LTM Difficulty transferring STM and develop new LTM
33
Executive function
comprised of: Initiation/drive -inhibition response or capacity to stop behavior -task persistence to maintain behaviors awareness- monitor and modify one's own behavior