Cognitive Biases Flashcards
Confirmation bias?
The tendency to seek, interpret, and memorize information in a way that confirms existing beliefs.
Attribution bias?
A general term that refers to how people form assumptions and judgments about why people behave in certain ways (e.g actor-observer effect).
Actor-Observer bias?
Attributing others’ wrongdoing to internal causes (e.g laziness, unintelligence), but attributing our own wrongdoings to external causes (e.g influence of others over us).
Groupthink?
The tendency to conform with the consensus view of a group instead of engaging in critical thinking.
Anchoring bias?
The tendency to be influenced by the very first piece of information we hear.
Hindsight bias (or creeping determinism)?
The common tendency for people to perceive past events as having been more predictable than they were.
Bandwagon effect?
When an idea or belief is being followed because everyone seems to be doing so.
Halo effect (or the Physical attractiveness stereotype?)
The tendency to judge a person’s character or behavior based on their physical appearance.
e.g perceiving good-looking people as are funnier, kinder and smarter.
Misinformation effect?
The tendency for the information you learned after an event to interfere with your original memory of what happened.
Availability heuristic?
A mental shortcut that relies on immediate examples that come to a given person’s mind when evaluating a specific topic, concept, method, or decision.
Based on the notion that if something can be recalled, then it must have a high(er) level of importance.
Attentional bias?
The tendency to pay attention to some things while simultaneously ignoring others.
False consensus effect?
The tendency to overestimate how much other people agree with us and think that most people share our same values.
Optimism bias?
The human tendency to believe that bad things can happen to others but not to us.
Affect heuristic?
A cognitive bias that describes how people use their emotions to make decisions instead of objective information.
