cognitive approach to explaining depression Flashcards
what is depression?
what are 7 symptoms of depression?
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- mental disorder which affects a person mood.
1.low mood= being extremely sad for a long period of time
2.loss of pleasure= stop doing things that they usually enjoy.
- irrational negative beliefs
- difficulty concentrating
5.social withdrawal
6.change in appetite
7.change in sleep pattern
how can you categorise depression symptoms in the following
1. emotional
2. cognitive
3. behavioural
- emotional = low mood and loss of pleasure
- cognitive = irrational negative beliefs and difficulty concentrating
- behavioural= change in sleeping patters, appetite and social withdrawal.
how can you diagnose someone with depression
if they experience 5 or more symptoms for a period of 2 weeks.
and one of the symptoms must be emotional symptom.
what is depressive episode?
what is a manic episode?
- when a person has low mood for only 1 week .
- when a person has high mood for only one 1 week it called manic episode
what is manic depression?
when person has depressive episode ( feeling low) and then a manic episode ( feeling happy) cycle over and over again
- this is called biploar but in exam they say m
what does ellis say about abc model? ( 1)
what does abc stand for
when a person experiences a negative event this can be broken down in to abc model
a= activating event
b = belief = explaining why the event happened
c= consequence = this influences their thoughts, behaviours and feelings - so how they feel about the event.
what is ellis abc model on someone with depression.
depression is caused by irrational negative beliefs.
-when a negative activating event happens person forms irrational and negative beliefs.
consequence of those beliefs = symptoms of depression.
- how is beck similar to Ellis?
- what does beck speak about?
- how does he categorise them ?
what are negative beliefs also caused by? - what is cognitive bias ?
and how does a depressive person have negative cognitive bias?
- like Ellis, depression is caused by irrational beliefs
- negative triad and negative schemas + cognitive bias.
- but beck categorise each negative irrational beliefs into 3 types of negative beliefs.
1st belief = self = negative beliefs about yourself.
2nd = world = negative
beliefs about the world.
external things like how people view them.
3rd= future= negative beliefs about the future - irrational beliefs are also caused by a person having a negative schema. these are mental frameworks built from past experiences that guide our behaviour. a depressive person has negative schema which leads them to have negative expectations of themselves.
- when a person has tendency to focus on some of the information, they are given we say that they have cognitive bias. however depressive person will have negative cognitive bias as they will only focus on negative aspects therefore the negative information is assimilated into the negative schema making the schema stronger.
cognitive approach for explaining depression
1 strength
1 weakness
1 strength
- beck and Ellis explanation led to effective treatment suggest theory is valid
- ethics = some say that cognitive approach blames the indivual for its depression as it fails to acknowledge other influences rather than their own irrational thoughts
- acknowledges the role of thoughts in behaviours
how can psychologist treat depression?
what is it aim?
what are 4 steps?
evaluation
1 weakness
1 strength
CBT - cognitive behavioural therapy
- aim to remove negative beliefs that cause depression
- identify negative beliefs
- challenges the negative beliefs
- test their hypothesis = patient is set hw
4.evaluate the evident
evaluation
- may not work for patients who are severely depressed as they are unable to take part in difficult psychological work
- positively impact economy as cbt led to so much people returning back to the workforce
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